Swails 1995.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, USA
Participants	25 hospitalised adults with cancer of the oesophagus undergoing elective oesophagogastrectomy, at nutritional risk due to major surgery Male:Female = 17:8 Mean age = 61 years Exclusion criteria: Undergoing emergency surgery for oesophagogastrectomy or an oesophagogastrectomy performed by surgeons other than a specific doctor
Interventions	Experimental group: received feeding jejunostomy tube with immediate postoperative enteral nutrition support. These participants received either a full‐strength elemental or polymeric diet at 10 mL/hr within 24 hrs of operation. The enteral feeding infusion rate was gradually increased by 10 mL/hr every 12 to 24 hrs until nutritional needs were met (estimated 25 ‐ 30 kcal/kg body weight and 1.2 ‐ 1.5 g protein/kg body weight). After contrast radiographic demonstration of an intact anastomosis, they began oral feeding. (n = 13) Control group: Standard care. Participants received a conventional intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement until postoperative day 4 or 5 when radiographic assessment demonstrated an intact anastomosis. A clear liquid diet was initially provided and was gradually progressed over a period of 1 to 3 days to a regular post‐oesophagogastrectomy diet consisting of 6 small meals daily. (n = 12)
Outcomes	Length of hospital stay, number of days spent in the ICU, number of days fed enterally or parenterally, postoperative complications including infections, wound healing, anastomotic leak, wound dehiscence, feeding tube‐related complications, caloric intake, gastrointestinal signs and symptoms
Study dates	January 1991 to June 1993
Notes	We could find no contact information for the authors.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	There were no dropouts.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	The trial reported complications, but not all‐cause mortality. No protocol could be obtained.
For‐profit bias	Unclear risk	It was unclear how the trial was funded.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.