Wang 1996b.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, China
Participants	36 hospitalised adults with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, gastric carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma and biliary calculi, at nutritional risk due to open abdominal surgery Male:Female = 29:7 Mean age = approx. 54 years Exclusion criteria: Not reported
Interventions	Experimental group 1: Parenteral nutrition. Central venous infusion at postoperative day, 105 ‐ 125 KJ/kg/day (25 ‐ 30 kcal/kg/day), 30% ‐ 40% of the nonprotein energy was provided by fat emulsion (10% intralipid SSPS). Nitrogen 0.12 ‐ 0.15 g/kg/day (7% Vamin SSPC), Energy:Nitrogen = 170 ‐ 220:1. Total infusion volume was 2500 ‐ 3000 ml nutrition support from the 1st postoperative day, for 7 days in total. (n = 12) Experimental group 2: Enteral nutrition. Tube‐feeding with Compound nutrition elements (Qingdao biochemical and pharmaceutical factory) at postoperative day, with the same intake of energy and nitrogen as the experimental group 1. Peripheral intravenous infusion with energy and nitrogen from 24 to 48 hrs if the tube‐feeding was insufficient. Total infusion volume was 2500 ‐ 3000 ml nutrition support from the 1st day postoperative , for 7 days in total. (n = 12) Control group: Conventional therapy of peripheral intravenous infusion with glucose saline 2500 ml, including glucose 175 g, calorie 2926 kJ (700 kcal)/day). Total infusion volume was 2500 ‐ 3000 ml nutrition support from the 1st day postoperative for 7 days in total. (n = 12)
Outcomes	Body weight
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	Same as Wang 1996a, but with experimental group 2 vs control group
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants and personnel were not blinded.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The number of participants with incomplete data was not reported.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol could be obtained and the trial did not report on all‐cause mortality or serious adverse events.
For‐profit bias	Unclear risk	It was unclear how the trial was funded.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.