Williams 1983.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, UK
Participants	14 hospitalised adults with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus, at nutritional risk according to the trialist Exclusion criteria: unable to swallow their saliva at presentation
Interventions	Experimental group: fine‐bore enteral feeding (2400 ml of Isocal/24 hrs. (n = 7) Each litre = 33 g protein, 42 g of fat, 125 g carbohydrate) for 6 weeks Control group: no intervention (n = 7) Co‐interventions: standard ward diet
Outcomes	Potassium, weight change
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	The trial found that very few of the experimental group had received the standard ward diet, because of the supplementary enteral feeding. The trial was terminated before it was finished, due to an increased effect of the experimental group. We contacted the authors by email:john.fenwick@ccotrust.nhs.uk. We received no reply.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not blinded. Only the experimental group received tube‐feeding.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The number of participants with incomplete data was not reported.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol could be obtained and the trial did not report serious adverse events or mortality.
For‐profit bias	Unclear risk	It was unclear how the trial was funded.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.