Zhu 2002a.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, China
Participants	42 hospitalised adults undergoing gastric operation, at nutritional risk due to major surgery Male:Female = 29:13 Mean age = 58.6 years Exclusion criteria: Metabolic and endocrine diseases, abnormal liver or kidney function
Interventions	Experimental group: Enteral nutrition support. The amount of calories was 125.5 kJ (30 kcal)/(kg/day), and nitrogen was 0.2 g/(kg/day). It was given through a nasal‐duodenal tube for 7 days (half‐dose for the first 2 days).The nutrition was provided by Nutrition Fiber (protein 20 g, fat 19.5 g,carbohydrate 61.5 g, minerals 3 g, food fibre 7.5 g, energy 4.18 Kj(1 kcal)/ml per 500ml).(n = 24) Control group: Conventional infusion which consisted of 5% ‐ 10% glucose, electrolytes, and vitamins, about 2500 kJ (600 kcal)/day, without exogenous nitrogen (n = 18)
Outcomes	All‐cause mortality, severe complications, adverse events, nutritive index including body weight, biochemical index, immune index (IgA, IgM, IgG,lymphocyte).
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	The authors were attempted contacted by phone. No contact was made.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants and personnel were not blinded.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The number of participants with incomplete data was not reported.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No protocol could be obtained but the trial did report on all‐cause mortality and serious adverse event.
For‐profit bias	Unclear risk	It was unclear how the trial was funded.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.