Comparison 1.

Self‐monitoring versus standard care

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Caesarean section	1	28	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.40, 1.49]
2 Perinatal mortality	1	28	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.0 [0.13, 67.91]
3 Neonatal mortality and morbidity composite	1	28	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.0 [0.13, 67.91]
4 Glycaemic control during/end of treatment (maternal post‐prandial blood glucose)	1	13	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.70 [‐2.15, 0.75]
5 Glycaemic control during/end of treatment (maternal HbA1c)	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.10 [‐1.93, 1.73]
6 Miscarriage	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.07, 14.55]
7 Neonatal mortality	1	28	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.0 [0.13, 67.91]
8 Gestational age at birth	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.40 [‐1.65, 2.45]
9 Birthweight	2	41	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.18 [‐0.49, 0.13]
10 Respiratory distress syndrome	1	28	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.0 [0.13, 67.91]
11 Neonatal hypoglycaemia	1	28	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.57 [0.21, 1.52]
12 Neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinaemia)	1	28	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.56 [0.25, 1.24]
13 Neonatal hypocalcaemia	1	28	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.07, 14.45]
14 Neonatal polycythaemia	1	28	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.01, 7.55]
15 Neonatal cord vein C‐peptide	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.13 [‐0.50, 0.76]