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. 2017 Jun 20;2017(6):CD007935. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007935.pub2

Goverover 2007.

Methods Design: single‐blind (participants) randomizedd clinical trial.
Randomization: 2‐arm parallel group.
Duration of study: not reported.
Participants Number randomized: 20 participants living in community with moderate‐to‐severe acquired brain injury, aged 18‐55 years.
Inclusion criteria:
  1. medically stable;

  2. oriented to person, time and community;

  3. independent in basic self‐care tasks as determined by FIM;

  4. problems with self‐awareness identified by treating therapist.


Exclusion criteria:
  1. participants with aphasia, severe visual problems, primary psychiatric problems/substance abuse diagnosis based on reports by treating physicians and therapists.

Interventions Intervention: self‐awareness training.
Performance of instrumented activities of daily living:
  1. prepare a birthday gift;

  2. prepare a lunch box;

  3. pay a telephone bill;

  4. make a doctor appointment;

  5. arrange tablets in a tablet organizer;

  6. prepare a birthday cake.


Participants were asked to predict the performance before completing each task and then asked to assess their performance immediately following the completion of each task. If a participant identified a specific problem, he/she was asked to think of a strategy for better and easier task performance.
Duration: 6 individualized treatment sessions over 3 weeks, 1 session per day on 2 or 3 days every week. Each session consisted of a maximum of 45 minutes.
Control: same ADL task as the treatment group, but participants were not given specific self‐awareness intervention by the therapist. They were given conventional practice of corrective feedback from the therapist.
Duration: same as intervention group.
Outcomes Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ); Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) to assess ADL and IADL.
Awareness Questionnaire, Assessment of Awareness of Disability, Self‐Regulation Skills Inventory, Satisfaction with quality of care.
Notes Setting: Cognitive Remediation Program at Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, New Jersey.
Country: US.
Duration of follow‐up: none.
Dropouts: none.
Funding: National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research; Mary E. Switzer Research Fellowship Program (Grant Award Number: H133F0400180).
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Quote: "Participants were then randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group by the second author of this paper."
Comment: insufficient information about the method of randomization. The author could not provide further details.
Allocation concealment (selection bias) High risk Quote: "Participants were then randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group by the second author of this paper."
Comment: insufficient allocation concealment since 1 of the authors was involved in the allocation process, and method of allocation concealment could not be verified.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Quote: "Participants remained blind to the group membership."
Comment: blinding of participants was adequate. Blinding of personnel not reported.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 Objective outcomes High risk Comment: blinding of outcome assessment not reported.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Comment: no dropouts.
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk Comment: none identified.
Other bias Low risk Comment: no additional biases were detected.