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. 2017 Jun 20;2017(6):CD007935. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007935.pub2

Twamley 2015.

Methods Design: randomized controlled, trial comparing 2 alternative TBI treatment approaches.
Randomization: computerized randomization in 1 block, 2‐arm, parallel group.
Duration of study: 12 month trial
Participants Number randomized: 50 adult veterans with mild‐to‐moderate TBI.
Inclusion criteria:
  1. Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom veteran;

  2. history of mild‐to‐moderate TBI (loss of consciousness < 6 hours; post‐traumatic amnesia < 7 days) according to the Clinical Practice Guideline, documented in a prior clinical neuropsychological evaluation and confirmed by a structured interview;

  3. documented impairment (> 1 standard deviation below the mean) in at least 1 neuropsychological domain (i.e. attention, processing speed, working memory, learning, memory, executive functioning), as determined by valid clinical neuropsychological testing by a Veterans Affairs or Department of Defense neuropsychologist using at least 1 effort test (e.g. Test of Memory Malingering, California Verbal Learning Test ‐ 2nd edition (CVLT‐II) Forced Choice); and

  4. unemployed, but stating a goal of work.


Exclusion criteria:
  1. current alcohol or substance abuse (or both) or dependence or who were participating in other intervention studies.

Interventions Intervention: supported employment + cognitive Symptom Management and Rehabilitation Therapy (cogSMART).
Portable and practical intervention designed to be implemented without extensive training. 12‐week, multi‐modal compensatory cognitive training intervention emphasizing habit learning and compensatory strategies in prospective memory, attention, learning, memory and executive functioning. The treatment manual was informed by consultation with the acquired brain injury programme at Mesa College in San Diego, CA, and other cognitive remediation experts.
Control: enhanced supported employment without cogSMART.
Duration: 12 weeks. 1 employment specialist delivered CogSMART for 1 hour per week in addition to 1 hour of standard supported employment, to make it 2 visits per week. For the control group, another employment specialist delivered enhanced supported employment, making it 2 visits per week.
Outcomes Return to work: data on attainment of competitive work by 14 weeks collected on a weekly basis.
Quality Of Life Interview ‐ Brief version (QOLI‐Brief).
Prospective memory ‐ Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST).
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ‐ 3rd edition.
California Verbal Learning Test ‐ 2nd edition.
Delis‐Kaplan Executive Function System (D‐KEFS).
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
Postconcussive symptoms ‐ Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI).
UCSD Performance‐Based Skills Assessment (UPSA).
Notes Corresponding author is contacted to provide more details related to the following:
1. Is this the same study published in 2014 or a different study?
2. ARe the participants different?
3. Is this an extended follow‐up of the same participant?