Table A2.

Fixed Effect Estimates for Multi-Level Model of Differences Between Age Groups in Log Odds of False Alarms.

Fixed effect	$\widehat{\beta }$	SE	95% CI	χ2	p
Intercept (baseline age difference)	0.503	0.033	[0.438, 0.567]
Younger adult logit false alarm rate (slope)	−0.251	0.025	[−0.300, −0.202]	96.42	< .001
Subject characteristics
Mean age of older adult group	0.014	0.009	[−0.004, 0.032]	2.36	.12
Stimulus characteristics
Stimuli are faces (vs. words)	0.522	0.091	[0.344, 0.700]	34.09	.001
Stimuli are pictures (vs. words)	0.152	0.064	[0.028, 0.277]	5.66	.02
Stimuli are texts (vs. words)	−0.083	0.096	[−0.271, 0.105]	0.77	.38
Positive valence	0.120	0.078	[−0.033, 0.274]	2.38	.12
Negative valence	0.072	0.070	[−0.066, 0.210]	1.03	.31
Study phase characteristics
Auditory presentation (vs. visual)	0.049	0.110	[−0.166, 0.264]	0.19	.66
Bimodal presentation	0.326	0.219	[−0.103, 0.755]	2.37	.12
Production	−0.251	0.212	[−0.667, 0.165]	1.77	.18
Intentional encoding	0.073	0.078	[−0.080, 0.227]	0.92	.34
Self-paced study	0.151	0.124	[−0.092, 0.394]	1.55	.21
Self-paced study x intentional encoding	0.227	0.191	[−0.148, 0.602]	1.59	.21
Study time per presentation (s)	0.002	0.012	[−0.022, 0.026]	0.04	. 85
Deep orienting task	0.054	0.074	[−0.090, 0.198]	0.56	.45
Shallow orienting task	0.093	0.092	[−0.087, 0.273]	0.90	.34
Generation task	−0.078	0.141	[−0.355, 0.199]	0.33	.57
Divided attention	−0.499	0.277	[−1.043, 0.044]	3.46	.06
Number of memoranda	< 0.001	0.001	[−0.001, 0.002]	0.76	.38
Multiple study opportunities	−0.029	0.084	[−0.193, 0.135]	0.15	.69
Test phase characteristics
Intervening cued recall	0.282	0.208	[−0.126, 0.691]	1.91	.17
Intervening free recall	−0.226	0.121	[−0.463, 0.010]	3.35	.07
Continuous recognition	−0.054	0.182	[−0.411, 0.303]	0.11	.74
Retention interval	0.034	0.010	[0.015, 0.054]	12.29	< .001
Continuous recognition x retention interval	−0.019	0.047	[−0.111, 0.072]	0.16	.69
Number of test probes	> −0.001	0.001	[−0.002, 0.000]	2.36	.12
Conjunction lures	0.408	0.070	[0.271, 0.545]	34.24	< .001
Component lures	0.359	0.103	[0.157, 0.561]	12.53	< .001
Semantically related lures	0.384	0.057	[0.271, 0.496]	44.16	< .001
Featurally related lures	0.021	0.071	[−0.118, 0.161]	0.06	.80
Proportion of lures	−0.411	0.254	[−0.908, 0.086]	2.36	.12

Note. SE = standard error. Positive parameter estimates indicate age differences larger than the mean (i.e., older adults even more apt to false alarm); negative parameter estimates indicate age differences smaller than the mean (i.e., older adults relatively less apt to false alarm).