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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2019 Mar-Apr;34(2):174–182. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000552

Figure 1: Changes in Physical and Affective Symptoms in Response to Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.

Figure 1:

Mean values of each symptom are presented as rectangles and the whisker bars represent the 95% confidence interval at each time point. The two diagonal lines for each graph represent the initial change between pre-implant and 30 days post implant (Δ1) and the subsequent change (Δ2) through 180 days after implantation. Latent growth estimates of pre-implant values (i for intercept) and both the initial and subsequent rates of change (Δ1 and Δ2) are presented along with the standard error and related p-values. Finally, effect sizes overall and for each phase of change are presented in Cohen’s d (d) along with the statistical significance of change over 180 days after LVAD implantation. Abbreviations: BPI = Brief Pain Inventory; BSI = Brief Symptom Inventory; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale; HFSPS = Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale; PHQ9 = 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.