Table 4.
Hazard Ratios Associated With Maternal Cannabis Use Stratified by Child’s Race and Age
| All ages (2,979 initiation events) |
6–16 years (1,952 initiation events) |
17–24 years (641 initiation events) |
≥25 years (36 initiation events) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother’s cannabis use (ref never users) | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
| All races (crude) | ||||||||
| 1-year | 1.44 (1.32, 1.58) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.35, 1.69) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.04, 1.58) | 0.021 | 2.50 (1.21, 5.19) | 0.014 |
| Multiple-years | 1.53 (1.40, 1.67) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.44, 1.77) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.19, 1.76) | <0.001 | 0.88 (0.30, 2.57) | 0.819 |
| All races (adjusted)a | ||||||||
| 1-year | 1.37 (1.24, 1.51) | <0.001 | 1.38 (1.22, 1.56) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.01, 1.58) | 0.044 | 3.40 (1.43, 8.09) | 0.006 |
| Multiple-years | 1.44 (1.30, 1.59) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.28, 1.64) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.18, 1.87) | 0.001 | 1.40 (0.42, 4.66) | 0.587 |
| Hispanicb | ||||||||
| 1-year | 1.34 (1.09, 1.65) | 0.005 | 1.30 (1.03, 1.65) | 0.030 | 1.43 (0.80, 2.55) | 0.225 | -c | - |
| Multiple-years | 1.43 (1.11, 1.84) | 0.006 | 1.41 (1.07, 1.87) | 0.016 | 2.00 (0.95, 4.20) | 0.068 | -c | - |
| Blackb | ||||||||
| 1-year | 1.27 (1.08, 1.50) | 0.005 | 1.41 (1.14, 1.74) | 0.002 | 1.08 (0.77, 1.53) | 0.657 | 2.55 (0.59, 11.07) | 0.210 |
| Multiple-years | 1.40 (1.19, 1.64) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.04, 1.59) | 0.021 | 1.68 (1.22, 2.31) | 0.001 | 1.12 (0.18, 7.05) | 0.901 |
| Non-Hispanic, non-blackb | ||||||||
| 1-year | 1.41 (1.21, 1.65) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.12, 1.63) | 0.002 | 1.51 (1.05, 2.16) | 0.027 | 6.00 (1.45, 24.81) | 0.014 |
| Multiple-years | 1.52 (1.30, 1.77) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.37, 1.97) | <0.001 | 1.12 (0.74, 1.68) | 0.602 | 1.70 (0.26, 11.12) | 0.577 |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
a
Adjusted for child’s sex, child’s race, adjusted family income quintile, PPVT quintile, BPI quintile, mother’s education, mother’s age at child’s birth, mother’s marital status, mothers neighborhood rating, mother’s use of illicit drugs other than cannabis, mother’s cigarette smoking and mother’s binge drinking.
b
Adjusted for all covariates except child’s race.
c
Omitted due to insufficient cell size.
HR, hazard ratio; PPVT, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; BPI, Behavioral Problems Index.