TABLE I.

Ovarian cancer specific shear stress investigations and major findings.

2D/3D culture	Device design	Shear stress and duration	Cell type	Findings	Citation
2D/3D hybrid	Parallel plate	0.3–3.0 dyn/cm2 12 min	OVCAR3	• Little interaction with HUVEC resting cells • Some attachment and rolling on IL-1 activated HUVEC cells	Giavazzi et al.55
			HUVEC monolayer
2D	Rotator plate	0.13–0.32 dyn/cm2 12 days	MOSE-E	• Increased spheroid formation• Formation of actin-containing protrusions• Increase in vinculin-containing focal adhesions• Change in nuclear structure associated with aneuploidy	Hyler et al.53
			MOSE-L
			MOSE-LTICν
			OCE1
			SKOV3
2D	Custom	0.5, 1.0, 1.5 dyn/cm2 30 min	OVCAR3	• Cell elongation• Formation of stress fibers• Formation of cytoskeletal microtubule network	Avraham-Chakim et al.45
2D/3D hybrid	Custom microfluidic	Range of 0 to >10 mm/s 7 days	OVCAR5	• Increased EMT • Increased EGFR, vimentin, p27Kip1 • Decreased E-cadherin, CDC2	Rizvi et al.31
3D	Cone and plate viscometer	1.5, 12 dyn/cm2 10 min	A2780	• Reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release with platelet co-culture under shear	Egan et al.54
3D	Custom microfluidic	0.02, 0.002 dyn/cm2 24 h	SKOV3	• Enhancement of CSC markers: Oct-4, CD117, ABCG2, P-gp• Increased EMT• Enhanced chemoresistance• PI3K/Akt signaling pathway involvement	Ip et al.29