Menga 2019.

Methods	RCT, cross‐over design
Participants	Total number of participants: 10 Inclusion criteria: acute‐onset, non‐cardiogenic respiratory distress; pulmonary infiltrates on the chest x‐ray; SpO2 < 90 % Exclusion criteria: none in abstract
Interventions	Intervention group (HFNC): flow = 50 L/min Control group (helmet NIV): PEEP = 10 cm H2O. IPAP adjusted to achieve peak inspiratory flow = 100 L/min)
Outcomes	All outcomes measured: arterial blood gases, inspiratory effort (oesophageal pressure); respiratory rate; dyspnoea; device‐related discomfort Outcomes relevant to this review: arterial blood gases; respiratory rate; dyspnoea; device‐related discomfort
Notes	Contact: LS Menga, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rome, Italy Currently published only as an abstract. We are awaiting publication of the full report in order to assess eligibility, collect sufficient study characteristics, and include data in the review.