OSLO Study 1986.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Study duration (recruitment): not reported Follow‐up period: 45 months
Participants	Country: Norway Setting: multicentre Patients aged 18 to 45 years with diagnosis of diabetes before 30 years and CKD stage 1; no signs of nephropathy or systemic hypertension; not pregnant; no proliferative retinopathy; no medication other than insulin Number: treatment group 1 (15); treatment group 2 (15); control group (15) Mean age, range (years): treatment group 1 (26, 18 to 32); treatment group 2 (26, 19 to 42); control group (26, 18 to 36) Sex (M/F): treatment group 1 (7/8); treatment group 2 (7/8); control group (7/8) Exclusion criteria: not reported
Interventions	Treatment group 1 Continuous SC insulin infusion Treatment group 2 Multiple injections Control group Two daily insulin injections
Outcomes	Diabetic control Retinopathy Nerve function Kidney function
Notes	Funding source: government
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Block randomisation
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not centrally determined outcome measurements
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Data could not be meta‐analysed
Other bias	Unclear risk	Study appears free of other bias