Capone 2008

Methods	Randomised trial of participants with epileptic seizures following stroke conducted in Italy 2 treatment arms: CBZ (controlled release) and LEV
Participants	Participants with "vascular epilepsy", newly onset following stroke. Not stated if participants had been previously treated with AEDs Number randomised: CBZ = 17, LEV = 18 17 male participants (49%) Proportion of participants with partial epilepsy not stated Mean age: 70 (43‐90) years
Interventions	Monotherapy with CBZ or LEV Dose achieved: CBZ: 400 mg/d‐1200 mg/d, LEV = 1000 mg/d‐3000 mg/d Trial duration and range of follow‐up not stated
Outcomes	Seizure freedom Adverse events during the trial Discontinuations of the trial drug
Notes	The trial was published in Italian; the characteristics and outcomes were translated. Outcomes chosen for this review were not reported; IPD were not available (author confirmed that the data had been lost)
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The trial was described as randomised ('randomizzazione' in Italian); no further information was available
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Attrition rates reported, no formal statistical analysis performed so withdrawals did not influence results
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Methods brief, efficacy and tolerability reported in the results. Outcomes chosen for this review not reported. No protocol available so unclear which outcomes were planned a priori
Other bias	Low risk	None identified