Cossu 1984

Methods	Randomised, double‐blind trial to assess short‐term therapy of CBZ and PHB on cognitive and memory function conducted in Italy Three treatment arms: CBZ, PHB, and placebo
Participants	Participants with newly diagnosed and untreated temporal lobe epilepsy with no seizures in the previous month Number randomised: CBZ = 6, PHB = 6 1 man and 5 women in each group 100% partial (temporal lobe epilepsy), 100% newly diagnosed Mean age (SD): CBZ = 26.33 (9.73) years, PHB = 18.5 (2.56) years. Age range: 15‐45 years
Interventions	Monotherapy with CBZ or PHB Dose started and achieved not stated Trial duration: 3 weeks; all participants completed in 3 weeks
Outcomes	Changes in memory function from baseline after 3 weeks of treatment (verbal, visual, (visual‐verbal and visual‐non‐verbal), acoustic, tactile, and spatial).
Notes	The trial was published in Italian; the characteristics and outcomes were translated. Outcomes chosen for this review were not reported; contact could not be made with trial author to provide IPD
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The trial was described as randomised ('randomizzazione' in Italian); no further information was available
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Trial was described as double blind ('condizioni di doppia cecità' in Italian), we assume this refers to participants and personnel
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All participants completed this short trial and contributed to analysis
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Cognitive and memory outcomes described in methods section well reported in results section. No seizure outcomes or adverse events reported and outcomes chosen for this review not reported. No protocol available so unclear if seizure outcomes were planned a priori
Other bias	High risk	Very small participant numbers and very short‐term follow‐up. Unclear if this trial was adequately powered and of sufficient duration to detect differences