Kopp 2007

Methods	Randomised trial of outpatients of a hospital in Berlin, Germany 3 treatment arms: CBZ, LEV, VPS
Participants	Newly diagnosed ("de novo") participants Number randomised: CBZ = 6, LEV = 6, VPS = 3 12 (80%) partial epilepsy No information on age or gender
Interventions	Monotherapy with CBZ, LEV or VPS Doses started or achieved not stated Assessments performed at 6 and 12 weeks
Outcomes	Cognitive performance Neuropsychological assessment
Notes	Abstract only. Trial authors could not be contacted to request IPD
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Treatments were "randomly assigned", no further information provided
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Abstract only, attrition rate not stated. Insufficient information to make a judgement
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Abstract only, insufficient information to make a judgement
Other bias	Low risk	None identified