Kwan 2009

Methods	Randomised, open‐label trial conducted in 2 hospitals in Hong Kong 2 treatment arms: LTG and VPS
Participants	Chinese patients with newly diagnosed, untreated epilepsy or a recurrence of seizures after a period of remission with AED therapy completely withdrawn for at least a year, aged 18‐55 years and not receiving AED therapy were recruited from the Prince of Wales Hospital and United Christian Hospital in Hong Kong. Number randomised: LTG = 37, VPS = 44 40 male participants (49%) 29 participants with partial epilepsy (36%) Mean age (range): 34 (16‐56 years)
Interventions	Monotherapy with LTG or VPS Titration of 4 weeks to target dose of LTG = 100 mg/d and VPS = 800 mg/d Range of follow‐up: 0‐15 months
Outcomes	Difference in mean fasting serum insulin concentration at 12 months between the 2 treatment groups Difference in mean changes from baseline at various time points in metabolic and endocrine measurements and BMI between the 2 treatment groups and by gender Frequency of common adverse events experienced by at least 10% of participants by treatment group
Notes	IPD provided for all outcomes of this review by trial author
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomised stratified for sex and hospital, no further information provided
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open‐label trial
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open‐label trial
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Attrition rates reported, ITT approach, all randomised participants analysed from IPD provided (see footnote 2)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes reported or calculated with IPD provided (see footnote 2)
Other bias	Low risk	None identified