Chang 2013.

Methods	Allocation: randomised ‐ no further details. Blindness: unknown. Duration: 8 weeks. Design: parallel group.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia (CCMD‐3). History: mean 6.6 years, SD 4.2 years. N = 72. Age: mean 34.4 years, SD 12. Sex: 49 M, 23 F. Setting: inpatients.
Interventions	1. Receptive and active group music therapy (singing, music relaxation, music reminiscence, musical story, music discussion, song creation, playing instruments; all activities were led by a music therapist). 1 hour per session, 5 sessions a week for 8 weeks (40 sessions in total). N = 36, M 25. 2. Standard care (conventional drug therapy, general occupational and recreational therapy). N = 36, M 24.
Outcomes	Quality of life, general/subjective well‐being: General Well‐Being Schedule (GWB; Fazio 1977). Qualitiy of life, social support: Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ; Sarason 1983).
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Due to the nature of the intervention it was not possible to blind those who received music therapy or those who delivered it.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No details given.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	no attrition
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No study protocol available. All outcome measures described in the study were considered in the analysis.
Other bias	Low risk	Adequate music therapy method: yes. Adequate music therapy training: yes. No financial, personal or other interests producing bias detected.