Lu 2013.

Methods	Allocation: randomised. Blindness: unknown. Duration: 5 weeks. Design: parallel group.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia (DSM‐IV). History: mean 24.96 years, SD 9.82 years. N = 80. Age: mean 52.02 years, SD 7.64. Sex: 59 M, 21 F. Setting: inpatients.
Interventions	1. Group music therapy (music listening, singing popular Taiwanese songs, playing percussion instruments, watching music videos, and discussions), 60 minutes per session, twice a week for 5 weeks (10 sessions in total). The music therapy sessions were delivered by a research assistant trained in music therapy in group settings. N = 38. 2. Received prescribed medication. Usual care included 24‐hour care with activities of daily living, basic nursing care, meal provision, and social activities (watching TV, family visiting, and occasional parties for special events). N = 42.
Outcomes	Mental state, general/psychotic symptoms: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS; Kay 1987). Mental state, depression: Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS; Addington 1992).
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Due to the nature of the intervention it was not possible to blind those who received music therapy or those who delivered it.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No details given.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	The analysis was carried out on an intention‐to‐treat basis,
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No study protocol available. All outcome measures described in the study were considered in the analysis.
Other bias	Low risk	Adequate music therapy method: yes. Adequate music therapy training: yes (music therapy was conducted by research assistant with training of music therapy in group setting). No personal, financial, or any other interests producing bias could be found.