Wen 2005.
| Methods | Allocation: randomised ‐ no further details. Blindness: unknown. Duration: 6 weeks. Design: parallel group. | |
| Participants | Diagnosis: schizophrenia (CCMD‐3). History: unknown. N = 30. Age: 15 to 50 years. Sex: 21 M, 9 F. Setting: inpatients. | |
| Interventions | 1. Receptive group music therapy (music listening, other music activities: dancing, discussion emphasising the emotional aspects of the music while listening to it), 1 hour per session, 5 sessions per week (30 sessions in total). N = 16. 2. Standard care (medication only, no anxiolytic or antidepressant). N = 14. | |
| Outcomes | Mental state, general: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS; Overall 1988). Mental state, depression: Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS); Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham‐D; Hamilton 1960). Unable to use ‐ unpublished scale: Inpatient Recovery Effect Scale. |
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| Notes | Music therapy was conducted by the authors (probably psychiatrists) and nurses. No information given if these clinicians were trained in music therapy. | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No details given. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No details given. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Due to the nature of the intervention it was not possible to blind those who received music therapy or those who delivered it. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No details given. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | All participants completed the trial. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | No study protocol available. All outcome measures described in the study were considered in the analysis. |
| Other bias | Unclear risk | Adequate music therapy method: yes. Adequate music therapy training: unclear (no information was given, if the persons conducting music therapy, nurses and probably psychiatrists, were trained in music therapy). No financial, personal or other interests producing bias detected. |