11. Spreadsheet of primary outcome effect estimates: systems training for emotional predictability and problem solving for borderline personality disorder (STEPPS) versus controls.
| Outcome/Subgroup | Studies | Participants | Statistical Method | Effect Estimate/95% CI |
| BPD total severity | ||||
| STEPPS1 vs. TAU2 | 1 | 124 | SMD | ‐0.17 [‐0.52, 0.19] |
| STEPPS+IT3 vs. TAU | 1 | 52 | SMD | ‐0.55 [‐1.11, 0.00] |
| Inappropriate anger | ||||
| ‐4 | ||||
| Affective instability | ||||
| STEPPS vs. TAU | 1 | 124 | SMD | ‐0.32 [‐0.67, 0.04] |
| Chronic feelings of emptiness | ||||
| ‐ | ||||
| Impulsivity | ||||
| STEPPS vs. TAU | 1 | 124 | SMD | ‐0.29 [‐0.64, 0.07] |
| STEPPS+IT vs. TAU | 1 | 58 | RR | 0.93 [0.66, 1.29] |
| Suicidality | ||||
| ‐ | ||||
| Parasuicidality | ||||
| STEPPS+IT vs. TAU | 1 | 58 | RR | 1.32 [0.78, 2.22] |
| Interpersonal problems | ||||
| STEPPS vs. TAU | 1 | 124 | SMD | ‐0.42 [‐0.78, ‐0.06] |
| STEPPS+IT vs. TAU | 1 | 53 | SMD | ‐0.27 [‐0.81, 0.27] |
| Avoidance of abandonment | ||||
| ‐ | ||||
| Identity disturbance | ||||
| ‐ | ||||
| Dissociation/psychoticism | ||||
| STEPPS vs. TAU | 1 | 124 | SMD | ‐0.42 [‐0.78, ‐0.06] |
1Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving for borderline personality disorder 2Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving for borderline personality disorder plus individual therapy 3treatment as usual