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Path model of freshman year substance use on time to college graduation. Model also controlled for gender, ethnicity, maternal and paternal education, high school family income, GPA, and job status. Time to graduation was binned into three categories: a) graduated in 4 years or less, b) graduated in 5–6 years, and c) graduated in 7+ years, with positive path values indicating longer time to graduation. *p<.05, ***p<.001
