Table 1.
Risk factors for the occurrence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in dialysis patients using the univariable Cox proportional hazards model
| Factor | Patients without PUD (n = 403) | Patients with PUD (n = 174) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dialysis vintage (yr) | 2.89 ± 3.64 | 2.96 ± 3.97 | 0.828 |
| Hemodialysis | 306 (75.5) | 150 (59.1) | 0.023 |
| Age (yr) | 60.12 ± 14.06 | 62.29 ± 15.37 | 0.099 |
| > 70 yr | 117 (29.0) | 68 (86.2) | 0.019 |
| Sex, male | 237 (58.8) | 112 (64.4) | 0.200 |
| Hypertension | 308 (76.4) | 130 (74.7) | 0.581 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 165 (40.9) | 79 (45.4) | 0.336 |
| Coronary disease | 36 (8.9) | 14 (8.0) | 0.720 |
| Smoking history | 72 (17.9) | 43 (24.7) | 0.062 |
| Alcohol drinking | 45 (11.1) | 18 (10.3) | 0.762 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.99 ± 4.30 | 22.96 ± 3.78 | 0.932 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 135.68 ± 19.99 | 130.77 ± 19.03 | 0.006 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.19 ± 12.42 | 77.01 ± 12.60 | 0.055 |
| Laboratory parameter | |||
| Total protein (g/dL) | 6.22 ± 0.91 | 6.08 ± 3.49 | 0.444 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.32 ± 0.64 | 3.14 ± 0.61 | 0.001 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 108.05 ± 81.53 | 97.44 ± 121.21 | 0.219 |
| AST (IU/L) | 27.89 ± 34.88 | 23.27 ± 14.93 | 0.092 |
| LDH (U/L) | 497.61 ± 384.11 | 478.89 ± 157.53 | 0.539 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 51.96 ± 27.35 | 59.31 ± 34.56 | 0.006 |
| Creatine (mg/dL) | 8.77 ± 15.26 | 7.48 ± 4.27 | 0.271 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.96 ± 2.16 | 5.99 ± 2.42 | 0.766 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 167.64 ± 53.34 | 159.46 ± 112.62 | 0.256 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 103.96 ± 43.92 | 92.72 ± 38.63 | 0.006 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 42.35 ± 15.35 | 40.59 ± 13.59 | 0.227 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 130.05 ± 75.39 | 126.30 ± 71.47 | 0.602 |
| NSAIDs | 38 (9.4) | 11 (6.3) | 0.215 |
| Aspirin | 105 (26.1) | 47 (27.0) | 0.828 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartase aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDH, lactase dehydrogenase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PUD, peptic ulcer disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure.