(A) Movat’s pentachrome stain of a human coronary artery from a 47-year-old male showing typical diffuse intimal thickening (DIT, upper panel), and the aortic root of an 8-week-old ApoE−/− mouse fed a WD for 6 weeks showing absence of DIT (lower panel). Scale bar, 50 μm. (B) Representative fluorescence microscopy of foam cells in the aortic root of a 36-week-old ApoE−/− mouse fed a chow diet. Lipid fixation was performed followed by Oil Red O (red) and smooth muscle α-actin (SMA, green) staining. The internal elastic lamina is indicated as a yellow dashed line dividing the intima and media. Yellow arrows point to foam cells expressing SMA (green). Scale bar, 23 μm. (C) Cryostat section of the aortic root of an 8-week-old male ApoE−/− mouse fed a WD for 6 weeks showing lipid droplets stained by BODIPY (red) and either CD45 (cyan, upper inset boxes) in the proximal intima or SMA (green, lower boxes) in the deep intima. Nuclei were stained by DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 16 μm.