All conditions were as in legends of Fig. 1,2 except that SDS-PAGE and Western blotting were performed to determine relative hepatic protein levels of the following groups of key proteins in de novo lipogenesis: Group 1, de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, i.e. ACLY (Fig. 9A; Supplemental Fig. 10A, 16B,17B), ACSS2 (Fig. 9B; Supplemental Fig. 10A); Group 2, elongation, i.e. ELOVL5 (Fig. 9D; Supplemental Fig. 17B), ELOVL6 (Fig. 9E; Supplemental Fig. 7A); Group 3, regulation (activity or transcription), i.e. AMPKa2 (Fig. 9F; Supplemental Fig. 17C), SREBP1 (Fig. 9C; Supplemental Fig. 12B), HNF4α (Fig. 9G; Supplemental Fig. 6A). Western blot images for each protein (n=7) along with GAPDH, COX4, or β-actin housekeeper for normalization are shown in the respective Supplemental Figures 4–17. Western blots of ACC1, ACC2, and FASN were attempted several times under different conditions, but failed. WT (Black bars) and LKO (Open bars). Values represent the mean ± SEM, n=7, with statistical significance indicated as follows: * p≤ 0.05 vs WT mice on control diet; @ p≤ 0.05 vs LKO mice on control diet; and #p≤ 0.05 vs WT mice HGD.