Table 1.
Structure and antibacterial properties of the 35 polyphenols studied.
| Shortened InChikey ID | Polyphenol | Chemical structure | Gram-negative bacteria | Gram-positive bacteria | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. coli ATCC25922 | S. Enteritidis E0220 | P. aeruginosa ATCC27853 | S. aureus CNRZ3 | B. subtilis ATCC6633 | L. monocytogenes ATCC19115 | ||||||||||||
| Molecular weight (g.mol−1) | BLD% (average) | SD* | BLD% (average) | SD* | BLD% (average) | SD* | BLD% (average) | SD* | BLD% (average) | SD* | BLD% (average) | SD* | |||||
| APH | Ethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-benzoate |  |
182 | 77.3 | 2.2 | 85.4 | 3.5 | 26.8 | 1.9 | 29.4 | 1.2 | 82.2 | 5.9 | 17.5 | 11.7 | ||
| CUF | 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester |  |
168 | 74.0 | 4.2 | 82.4 | 5.3 | 7.4 | 5.9 | 18.2 | 7.3 | 69.3 | 4.2 | 58.6 | 10.5 | ||
| CWV | Chlorogenic acid |  |
354 | −4.2 | 1.1 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 10.6 | 4.8 | −21.4 | 5.9 | 43.4 | 22.3 | ||
| CXQ | Taxifolin |  |
304 | 18.1 | 3.1 | 20.8 | 4.6 | 10.4 | 1.6 | 87.7 | 4.8 | 24.9 | 11.7 | 69.4 | 8.1 | ||
| DCY | Myricitrin dihydrate |  |
500 | 0.5 | 9.2 | −4.3 | 0.4 | −3.5 | 6.5 | −0.3 | 0.5 | −67.8 | 7.3 | 58.5 | 2.5 | ||
| FXN | Baicalein |  |
270 | 22.9 | 17.6 | 27.2 | 14.5 | 25.7 | 14.8 | 100.0 | – | 36.2 | 2.8 | 52.7 | – | ||
| GKA | Rhapontin |  |
420 | −5.5 | 5.2 | −15.0 | 3.0 | 10.8 | 1.9 | −9.7 | 7.4 | −5.8 | 20.7 | 16.7 | 8.4 | ||
| GZS | Diosmin |  |
609 | −28.6 | 5.6 | 56.4 | – | −7.6 | 5.1 | 42.5 | 7.3 | −13.2 | 3.8 | 44.2 | 14.0 | ||
| HDP | 5,7-dihydroxy-4-propylcoumarin |  |
220 | −1.8 | 9.8 | 16.8 | 13.0 | 3.5 | 9.2 | 44.8 | 8.4 | 21.2 | 7.0 | 46.9 | 15.2 | ||
| HGE | 2,4-dihydroxy-cinnamic acid |  |
180 | −7.8 | 4.0 | 27.8 | 7.8 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 15.6 | 8.2 | −3.6 | 2.5 | 38.3 | 14.4 | ||
| HUQ | 5,7-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin |  |
254 | −26.1 | 4.0 | 38.3 | 8.9 | 19.3 | 1.3 | 89.9 | 7.9 | 51.5 | 4.9 | 93.5 | 8.0 | ||
| IKG | Rutin hydrate |  |
611 | 68.0 | 14.0 | 36.8 | 21.5 | 60.7 | 8.9 | 32.7 | 10.1 | 100.0 | – | 23.3 | 9.0 | ||
| IKM | Myricetin |  |
318 | 46.2 | 17.1 | 41.0 | 18.5 | 28.3 | 19.2 | 54.9 | 20.1 | 21.5 | 28.7 | 36.5 | 20.8 | ||
| KJX | Dihydromyricetin |  |
320 | 1.1 | 10.0 | 18.8 | 3.4 | 4.8 | 10.7 | 39.1 | 8.3 | 14.6 | 9.1 | 43.7 | 3.7 | ||
| LUK | Resveratrol |  |
228 | 100.0 | – | 100.0 | – | 60.2 | 9.1 | 100.0 | – | 75.2 | 16.9 | 100.0 | – | ||
| MCC | 3',5'-dihydroxyflavone |  |
254 | 49.0 | 1.4 | 79.2 | 0.1 | 72.4 | 0.5 | 98.4 | – | 39.6 | 26.3 | 100.0 | – | ||
| NYS | Cardamonin |  |
270 | 34.8 | 0.8 | 28.7 | 20.1 | 38.7 | 21.6 | 96.1 | 29.5 | 61.9 | 9.2 | 51.7 | – | ||
| OVS | Quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside |  |
464 | 3.8 | 12.2 | −12.5 | 7.4 | 16.2 | 1.7 | 50.8 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 9.6 | 75.1 | 6.2 | ||
| QAI | Caffeic acid |  |
180 | −22.2 | 4.9 | 68.6 | 0.9 | 81.8 | 12.9 | 40.2 | 13.0 | 22.5 | 10.1 | 35.2 | 4.5 | ||
| QNV | 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin |  |
192 | 10.3 | 8.9 | 33.3 | 15.8 | 28.7 | 0.8 | 19.3 | 22.8 | −2.5 | 5.3 | 97.9 | 2.1 | ||
| RNV | Methyl-3,5-dihydroxy-benzoate |  |
168 | 100.0 | – | 66.3 | 11.7 | 23.0 | 3.8 | 24.0 | 12.4 | 74.3 | 8.3 | 22.8 | 4.0 | ||
| RQN | 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone |  |
190 | 89.6 | 7.6 | 100.0 | – | 35.0 | 3.0 | 100.0 | – | 96.2 | 24.4 | 100.0 | – | ||
| SEB | Silibinin |  |
482 | 4.9 | 7.6 | −19.1 | 3.4 | 12.6 | 3.1 | 8.2 | 6.6 | 17.0 | 1.4 | 9.4 | 8.9 | ||
| TTY | Caffeic acid 1,1-dimethylallyl ester |  |
248 | 17.5 | 2.5 | 66.4 | – | 5.0 | 2.2 | 98.6 | 4.2 | 88.2 | 7.1 | 72.3 | 9.8 | ||
| TXG | Isopropyl 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoate |  |
212 | 100.0 | – | 91.5 | 1.4 | 12.1 | 5.4 | 46.7 | – | 100.0 | – | 36.2 | 1.1 | ||
| UBQ | CU-CPT22 acid |  |
362 | 86.6 | 19.9 | 21.2 | 14.5 | 40.2 | – | 91.8 | 5.3 | 72.6 | 19.7 | 100.0 | – | ||
| UVE | 2,3-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone |  |
259 | 34.0 | 34.0 | 84.4 | 13.5 | −5.3 | 22.1 | 80.6 | 9.9 | 67.3 | 12.1 | 100.0 | – | ||
| VHN | 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acid |  |
182 | −29.1 | 2.5 | 58.2 | 3.4 | −2.0 | 3.2 | −2.2 | 10.4 | −8.3 | 1.4 | 29.8 | 12.6 | ||
| WDK | Ethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-cinnamate |  |
208 | 34.8 | 3.1 | 76.6 | 9.7 | 13.4 | 6.0 | 29.6 | 15.3 | 80.8 | 0.2 | 47.0 | 8.7 | ||
| WMB | Epigallocatechin gallate |  |
458 | 17.7 | 2.5 | 46.8 | 2.2 | 74.7 | 4.3 | 55.3 | – | 47.1 | 0.1 | 100.0 | – | ||
| XGH | Cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cyanocinnamate |  |
321 | 59.3 | 15.7 | 82.1 | 7.5 | 65.6 | 2.0 | 100.0 | – | 100.0 | – | 100.0 | – | ||
| XOP | Butyl gallate |  |
226 | 94.5 | 6.1 | 92.5 | 1.4 | 10.5 | 1.0 | 90.9 | 4.5 | 94.4 | 8.5 | 100.0 | – | ||
| XQD | Wedelolactone |  |
314 | 0.6 | 5.8 | −23.6 | 1.3 | −2.9 | 2.1 | 8.4 | 11.3 | −15.2 | 2.1 | 21.6 | – | ||
| YCV | Pinosylvin |  |
212 | 58.9 | 46.2 | 80.6 | 0.7 | 8.9 | 9.6 | 100.0 | – | 99.2 | 1.4 | 97.9 | 3.9 | ||
| YDD | (-)-Chicoric acid |  |
474 | −17.1 | 6.1 | 35.2 | 3.6 | 12.0 | 7.5 | 24.7 | 2.5 | 7.6 | 3.1 | 53.5 | 6.5 | ||
| Estimation of the global SD (%) | 12.8 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 11.5 | 9.8 | |||||||||||
| 95% confidence interval (%) | ±25 | ±17 | ±17 | ±17 | ±23 | ±20 | |||||||||||
*
SD is the standard deviation determined from the triplicates.