Table 2.

Steps to create a 3D printed dental model by using additive manufacturing.

S. No	Step used	Description	References
1	Digital 3D model of the patient's mouth	•Digital models are created by 3D scanners in the form of cloud data with fast and accurate dimensions •Used 3D scanner for precise scanning of patient mouth and teeth	Haleem and Javaid 201836; Kumar et al., 201837
2	Modification in design	•After scanning, it is essential to ensure that the dental model will fit perfectly by adjusting shape, size and position •Easy modification in design is done through the use of different software and the associated AM technology	Azari and Nikzad 200938; Tahmaseb et al., 201439
3	3D printing	•Fabricate 3D solid object directly from the 3D digital file by the addition of materials layer by layer •Dental implants are manufactured using different AM technologies according to the specification of printing material •Post-processing is used to increase the physical property and strength of the implant •Reliable for reconstruction of precise teeth and other tools used in dentistry •It is cost effective as compared to the other manufacturing techniques and can well be used for training	Kumar et al., 201640; Chang et al., 201541; Javaid and Haleem 201842
4	Testing and Implementation	•Ensures that the physical model is as per required quality and strength •Under a specific condition of load, it must be feasible & reliable •Testing is essential before actual implementation •Dental model printed by this technology is used during surgery of the patient	Chen et al., 201443; Francisco et al., 201644