Table 2.
Adjusted associations with lifetime IPV perpetration and IPV perpetration in the last year, using pooled 12/24-month data
| N = 743 observations (using pooled 12/24 data in GEE models; N = 436 men) | Lifetime IPV perpetration | IPV perpetration in the last year | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (n/N) | Adjusteda PR [95% CI] Overall p valuec | % (n/N) | Adjusteda PR [95% CI] Overall p valuec | ||
| Study time-point | Month-12 | 19.5% (80/410) | 1 | 7.8% (32/410) | 1 |
| Month-24 | 18.0% (60/333) | 0.98 [0.76, 1.25] | 6.9% (23/333) | 0.99 [0.58, 1.68] | |
| 0.86 | 0.98 | ||||
| Randomized to study trial arm | Immediate | 19.9% (79/398) | 1 | 7.8% (31/398) | 1 |
| Deferred | 17.7% (61/345) | 0.89 [0.60, 1.32] | 7.0% (24/345) | 0.81 [0.46, 1.41] | |
| 0.56 | 0.45 | ||||
| London study clinic site | Yes | 18.4% (95/517) | 1 | 7.9% (41/517) | 1 |
| No | 19.9% (45/226) | 1.01 [0.65, 1.57] | 6.2% (14/226) | 0.71 [0.37, 1.35] | |
| 0.99 | 0.30 | ||||
| Age | < 25 | 34.2% (13/38) | 2.12 [1.04, 4.30] | 18.4% (7/38) | 5.53 [1.80, 17.0] |
| 25–29 | 31.9% (29/91) | 1.79 [1.00, 3.20] | 19.8% (18/91) | 5.89 [2.30, 15.10] | |
| 30–34 | 15.0% (24/160) | 0.92 [0.50, 1.70] | 5.6% (9/160) | 1.73 [0.60, 4.97] | |
| 35–39 | 18.8% (27/144) | 1.25 [0.69, 2.24] | 7.6% (11/144) | 2.26 [0.81, 6.28] | |
| 40–44 | 16.0% (20/125) | 0.98 [0.53, 1.82] | 3.2% (4/125) | 0.98 [0.27, 3.57] | |
| 45+ | 14.6% (27/185) | 1 | 3.2% (6/185) | 1 | |
| 0.09 | < 0.001 | ||||
| 0.034 b | < 0.001 b | ||||
| Born in the UK and white ethnicity (BAME = Black, Asian, and minority ethnic) | Yes, white | 19.2% (78/407) | 1 | 7.1% (29/407) | 1 |
| Yes, BAME | 25.6% (10/39) | 1.06 [0.48, 2.35] | 12.8% (5/39) | 1.10 [0.40, 3.05] | |
| No, white | 17.8% (36/202) | 1.05 [0.65, 1.70] | 6.4% (13/202) | 0.97 [0.48, 1.95] | |
| No, BAME | 17.2% (16/93) | 0.92 [0.47, 1.78] | 8.6% (8/93) | 1.13 [0.49, 2.61] | |
| 0.98 | 0.99 | ||||
| Self-reported sexual identity | Gay | 18.9% (133/703) | 1 | 7.4% (52/703) | 1 |
| Bisexual/straightd | 17.7% (6/34) | 0.79 [0.30, 2.08] | 8.8% (3/34) | 0.91 [0.27, 3.04] | |
| 0.63 | 0.88 | ||||
| University Education | Yes | 23.0% (65/283) | 1 | 9.2% (26/283) | 1 |
| No/missing | 16.3% (75/460) | 1.31 [0.87, 1.96] | 6.3% (29/460) | 1.28 [0.73, 2.25] | |
| 0.19 | 0.39 | ||||
| Employed | Yes | 19.4% (118/608) | 1 | 7.7% (47/608) | 1 |
| No/missing | 16.3% (22/135) | 0.68 [0.39, 1.20] | 5.9% (8/135) | 0.60 [2.67, 1.34] | |
| 0.18 | 0.21 | ||||
| Had sex after using recreational drugs (past three months) | No/missing | 12.5% (45/360) | 1 | 4.2% (15/360) | 1 |
| Yes | 24.8% (95/383) | 1.75 [1.23, 2.50] | 10.4% (40/383) | 2.16 [1.17, 3.96] | |
| 0.002 | 0.013 | ||||
| Group sex (past three months) | No/missing | 15.7% (56/356) | 1 | 6.5% (23/356) | 1 |
| Yes | 21.7% (84/387) | 1.38 [1.00, 1.91] | 8.3% (32/387) | 1.42 [0.82, 2.46] | |
| 0.050 | 0.21 | ||||
| Age < 13 years at anal sex debut | No | 19.6% (132/675) | 1 | 7.6% (51/675) | 1 |
| Yes | 17.0% (7/41) | 1.01 [0.48, 2.13] | 7.3% (3/41) | 1.06 [0.33, 3.44] | |
| 0.98 | 0.92 | ||||
| Age ≤ 15 years at anal sex debut | No | 18.1% (101/558) | 1 | 7.2% (40/558) | 1 |
| Yes | 24.1% (38/158) | 1.32 [0.88, 1.99] | 8.9% (14/158) | 0.93 [0.48, 1.77] | |
| 0.18 | 0.82 | ||||
| Negative views about gay sexuality | No/missing | 16.8% (73/434) | 1 | 5.1% (22/434) | 1 |
| Yes | 21.7% (67/309) | 1.33 [0.97, 1.83] | 10.7% (33/309) | 2.10 [1.21, 3.65] | |
| 0.075 | 0.008 | ||||
| ‘Out’ to all/almost all friends, work mates, and close family | Yes | 22.6% (84/372) | 1 | 8.1% (30/372) | 1 |
| No | 15.8% (56/355) | 0.79 [0.56, 1.12] | 7.0% (25/355) | 0.93 [0.53, 1.62] | |
| 0.19 | 0.79 | ||||
| Any IPV victimization | No/missing | 3.5% (15/425) | 1 | 1.2% (5/425) | 1 |
| Yes | 39.3% (125/318) | 8.47 [5.09, 14.09] | 15.7% (50/318) | 13.54 [5.33, 34.38] | |
| < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
aAge (included as four categories: < 25, 25–29, 30–39, 40+), born in the UK, sexual identity (gay or bisexual/straight), university education, and London clinic site
bTest for trend
cp value by Wald test using GEEs. p values< 0.1 are indicated in bold
dFive men identified as straight (1.2%)