Table 1.
Patients demographics, lab measurements at current period and living conditions per treatment strategy
| Variable | Total | Treatment Strategy | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | |||
| Patients n (%) | 1189 (100%) | 241 (20.3%) | 478 (40.2%) | 470 (39.5%) | |
| Sex n (%) | |||||
| Male | 601 (50.5%) | 125 (51.9%) | 241 (50.4%) | 235 (50%) | 0.856 a |
| Female | 588 (49.5) | 116 (48.1%) | 237 (49.6%) | 235 (50%) | |
| Diabetes Duration (years) (mean ± SD) | 11.2 ± 8.6 | 5.2 ± 5.7 | 10.1 ± 7.5 | 15.3 ± 8.6 | |
| Years under Treatment (median – IQR) | 10 (4–16) | 4 (1–7) | 9 (4–14) | 15 (9–20) | < 0.001 b |
| Age (years) (median - IQR) | 65 (58–72) | 63 (56–70) | 65 (58–72) | 67 (58–73) | 0.002 b |
| Age group | |||||
| < 60 | 362 (30.4%) | 89 (36.9%) | 139 (29.1%) | 134 (28.5%) | 0.041 a |
| 60–70 | 477 (40.2%) | 97 (40.2%) | 198 (41.4%) | 182 (38.7%) | |
| > 70 | 350 (29.4) | 55 (22.8%) | 141 (29.5%) | 154 (32.8%) | |
| Height (cm) (median – IQR) | 165 (158–172) | 165 (158–172) | 165 (158–172) | 165 (158–172) | |
| Weight (kg) (median – IQR) | 82 (73–93) | 80 (70–90) | 82 (73–92.5) | 83 (73–96) | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) (median – IQR) | 30 (26.75–33.8) | 29.4 (26.6–32.6) | 30 (26.8–33.7) | 30.1 (26.6–34.7) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (median – IQR) | 130 (120–140) | 130 (120–140) | 130 (120–140) | 134 (125–145) | 0.03 b |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) (median – IQR) | 80 (70–85) | 80 (70–85) | 80 (70–84) | 80 (70–83) | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) (median – IQR) | 73.9 (60.6–93.2) | 78.1 (59.9–96.1) | 74.3 (62.0–94.5) | 73.1 (60.4–89.3) | < 0.001b |
| Microalbumin urine (mcg/mg creatinine) (median – IQR) | 18 (10–45) | 14 (7–30) | 16 (9–40) | 24 (11–78.4) | < 0.001b |
| Total Serum Cholesterol (mg/dl) (median – IQR) | 173 (150–200) | 183 (156–204) | 174 (152–201) | 166 (146–193) | < 0.001b |
| Serum Triglycerides (mg/dl) (median – IQR) | 127 (95–174) | 126 (96–176) | 125.5 (95–175) | 127.5 (94.5–171.5) | |
| Serum LDL-C (mg/dl) (median – IQR) | 97 (76–120) | 104 (81–125) | 96 (75–121) | 92 (74–114) | 0.03b |
| Serum HDL-C (mg/dl) (median – IQR) | 46 (39–56) | 47 (41–57) | 48 (39–57) | 45 (39–53) | |
| Marital status n (%) | |||||
| Married | 1003 (84.4%) | 202 (83.8%) | 410 (85.8%) | 391 (83.2%) | 0.679a |
| Unmarried | 56 (4.7%) | 15 (6.2%) | 18 (3.8%) | 23 (4.9%) | |
| Divorced | 39 (3.3%) | 9 (3.7%) | 13 (2.7%) | 17 (3.6%) | |
| Widower / Widow | 91 (7.7%) | 15 (6.2%) | 37 (7.7%) | 39 (8.3%) | |
| Living Status n (%) | |||||
| Lives with his / her family | 1066 (89.7%) | 214 (88.8%) | 431 (90.2%) | 421 (89.6%) | 0.848a |
| Lives alone | 123 (10.3%) | 27 (11.2%) | 47 (9.8%) | 49 (10.4%) | |
| Resident n (%) | |||||
| Village | 237 (19.9%) | 48 (19.9%) | 93 (19.5%) | 96 (20.4%) | 0.689a |
| Provincial town | 133 (11.2%) | 32 (13.3%) | 44 (9.2%) | 57 (12.1%) | |
| Provincial city | 179 (15.1%) | 37 (15.4%) | 79 (16.5%) | 63 (13.4%) | |
| Prefectural capital | 314 (26.4%) | 61 (25.3%) | 124 (25.9%) | 129 (27.4%) | |
| Urban center | 326 (27.4%) | 63 (26.1%) | 138 (28.9%) | 125 (26.6%) | |
| Self-care Capability n (%) | |||||
| Capable of self-care | 1139 (95.8%) | 238 (98.8%) | 462 (96.7%) | 439 (93.4%) | 0.009 a |
| Needs help sometimes | 45 (3.8%) | 3 (1.2%) | 15 (3.1%) | 27 (5.7%) | |
| Dependent | 5 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 4 (0.9%) | |
| Access to Health Services n (%) | |||||
| Difficult | 15 (1.3%) | 4 (1.7%) | 4 (0.8%) | 7 (1.5%) | 0.914a |
| Occasional | 68 (5.7%) | 15 (6.2%) | 29 (6.1%) | 24 (5.1%) | |
| Easy | 402 (33.8%) | 83 (34.4%) | 166 (34.7%) | 153 (32.6%) | |
| Regular | 440 (37%) | 88 (36.5%) | 179 (37.4%) | 173 (36.8%) | |
| Systematic | 264 (22.2%) | 51 (21.2%) | 100 (20.9%) | 113 (24.0%) | |
| Education n (%) | |||||
| Illiterate | 59 (5%) | 10 (4.1%) | 25 (5.2%) | 24 (5.1%) | 0.032 a |
| Basic education | 592 (49.8%) | 115 (47.7%) | 224 (46.9%) | 253 (53.8%) | |
| Secondary education | 365 (30.7%) | 67 (27.8%) | 165 (34.5%) | 133 (28.3%) | |
| Higher education | 173 (14.6%) | 49 (20.3%) | 64 (13.4%) | 60 (12.8%) | |
| Occupation n (%) | |||||
| Manual work | 239 (20.1%) | 50 (20.7%) | 94 (19.7%) | 95 (20.2%) | 0.101a |
| Office work | 151 (12.7%) | 39 (16.2%) | 68 (14.2%) | 44 (9.4%) | |
| Intellectual work | 26 (2.2%) | 7 (2.9%) | 11 (2.3%) | 8 (1.7%) | |
| Pensioner | 621 (52.2%) | 109 (45.2%) | 248 (51.9%) | 264 (56.2%) | |
| Unemployed | 152 (12.8%) | 36 (14.9%) | 57 (11.9%) | 59 (12.6%) | |
| Financial Status n (%) | |||||
| NA | 5 (0.4%) | 2 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.6%) | 0.324a |
| Indigent | 14 (1.2%) | 4 (1.7%) | 5 (1.0%) | 5 (1.1%) | |
| Poor | 171 (14.4%) | 37 (15.4%) | 55 (11.5%) | 79 (16.8%) | |
| Moderate financial status | 891 (74.9%) | 173 (71.8%) | 376 (78.7%) | 342 (72.8%) | |
| Financial comfort | 92 (7.7%) | 21 (8.7%) | 37 (7.7%) | 34 (7.2%) | |
| Wealthy | 16 (1.3%) | 4 (1.7%) | 5 (1.0%) | 7 (1.5%) | |
| Insured n (%) | |||||
| No | 24 (2%) | 6 (2.5%) | 10 (2.1%) | 8 (1.7%) | 0.771a |
| Yes | 1165 (98%) | 235 (97.5%) | 468 (97.9%) | 462 (98.3%) | |
aChi – square independence test,
bKruskal Wallis test
Kruskal Wallis post-hoc pairwise comparisons between groups
• Age vs Treatment Group:
Treatment Group A vs Treatment Group C: p = 0.003 < 0.05
•Years under treatment vs Treatment Group:
Treatment Group A vs Treatment Group B: p < 0.001.
Treatment Group A vs Treatment Group C: p < 0.001.
Treatment Group C vs Treatment Group B: p < 0.001
•Systolic blood pressure vs Treatment Group:
Treatment Group A vs Treatment Group C: p = 0.001 < 0.05.
Treatment Group C vs Treatment Group B: p = 0.044 < 0.05.
•eGFR vs Treatment Group:
Treatment Group A vs Treatment Group C: p < 0.001.
Treatment Group C vs Treatment Group B: p = 0.002 < 0.05.
• Microalbumin urine vs Treatment Group:
Treatment Group A vs Treatment Group C: p < 0.001.
Treatment Group C vs Treatment Group B: p = 0.003 < 0.05
•Total Serum Cholesterol vs Treatment Group:
Treatment Group A vs Treatment Group C: p < 0.001.
•Serum LDL – C vs Treatment Group
Treatment Group A vs Treatment Group C: p = 0.002 < 0.05
Values captured in bold are significant