Table 1.
Overview of calibration prior details
| Cichlid fossils and geological events used as calibration points: | Parameter settings (Beast): | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calibration point | Fossil/event | Estimated age | Calibrated clade | Offset | Standard deviation | Mean | Distribution |
| A1 | †Tremembichthys | 55.8–23.03 Ma (Tremembé formation) | Cichlasomatini | 23.03 | 0.67 | 2.39 | Log normal |
| A2 | †Tremembichthys | 55.8–23.03 Ma (Tremembé formation) | Heroini | 23.03 | 0.67 | 2.39 | Log normal |
| B | †Gymnogeophagus eocenicus | 45.4–39.9 Ma (Lumbrera formation) | Mikrogeophagus ramirezi, Gymnogeophagus balzanii, ‘Geophagus’ barsiliensis | 39.9 | 0.8 | 2.4 | Log normal |
| C | †Plesioheros chaulidus | 45.4–39.9 Ma (Lumbrera formation) | Heroini (except: of Pterophyllum and Hypselecara) | 39.9 | 0.8 | 2.4 | Log normal |
| D | †Oreochromis lorenzoi | 7.24–5.33 Ma (Gessoso-Solfifera formation) | Oreochromini | 5.98 | 1.148 | 1.8 | Log normal |
| E1 | †Tugenchromis pickfordi | 9–10 Ma (Ngorora Formation) | C-lineage (sensu Clabaut et al., 2005): ‘ancient Tanganyika mouth-brooders’, ‘Malagarasi-Orthochromis’, ‘Ctenochromis’ pectoralis and Haplochromini | 9 | 0.98 | 2 | Log normal |
| E2 | †Tugenchromis pickfordi | 9–10 Ma (Ngorora Formation) | H-lineage (sensu Nishida, 1991): ‘ancient Tanganyika mouth-brooders’, ‘Malagarasi-Orthochromis’, ‘Ctenochromis’ pectoralis, Haplochromini and Eretmodini | 9 | 0.98 | 2 | Log normal |
| E3 | †Tugenchromis pickfordi | 9–10 Ma (Ngorora Formation) | East African Radiation (EAR) | 9 | 0.98 | 2 | Log normal |
| F | Onset Lake Barombi Mbo | 1.12–0.98 Ma | Barombi Mbo species flock | 0.0 | 0.07 | 0.98 (real space) | Log normal |
| – | †Mahengeochromis | 45.83 ± 0.17 (Singida kimberlite field) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Root calibration | |||||||
| R1a | Time range: 46–174.78 Ma |
Based on: Age of †Mahengeochromis & the oldest maximum age estimate for the family Cichlidae (López-Fernández et al. 2013) |
46 | 0.44 | 3.99 | Log normal | |
| R1b | 46–174.78 Ma | as for R1a | 0 | Lower Bound: 46 | Upper bound: 174.78 | uniform | |
| R2 | 82.2–98.9 Ma | Estimated divergence age for the family Cichlidae by Matschiner et al. (2016) | 82.17 | 0.455 | 2.07 | Log normal | |
| Combination of calibration points of the different calibration sets: | |||||||
| Included calibration points | Included calibration points: | Included calibration points: | |||||
| Set 1 | A1, B, C, D, E2, F, R1a | Set 7 | A1, B, C, E1, F, R1a | Set 13 | B, C, D, E1, F, R2 | ||
| Set 2 | A1, B, C, D, E1, F, R1a | Set 8 | A1, B, C, E1, F, R2 | Set 14 | A1, C, D, E1, F, R2 | ||
| Set 3 | A1, B, C, D, E2, F, R2 | Set 9 | A1, B, C, D, E3, F, R1a | Set 15 | A1, B, C, D, E1, R2 | ||
| Set 4 | A1, B, C, D, E1, F, R2 | Set 10 | A1, B, C, D, E3, F, R2 | Set 16 | A1, B, C, D, E1, F | ||
| Set 5 | A1, B, C, D, F, R1a | Set 11 | A1, B, C, D, E1, F, R1b | Set 17 | A2, B, C, D, E1, F, R2 | ||
| Set 6 | A1, B, C, D, F, R2 | Set 12 (third codon position stripped) | A1, B, C, D, E1, F, R2 | Set 18 (Nuclear data) | A, B, C, D, E1, F, R2 | ||
Fossil taxa are indicated by †