Table 3.
A table of comparison of clinical presentations and complications observed in our study compared to studies done in other Asian countries
| Zhang et al.[12] | Kun Ming Wu et al.[13] | Hamaguchi et al.[14] | Brummaier et al.[15] | This study [Graphs 1–3] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place; sample size | Shandong; 102 | Taiwan; 136 | Hanoi, Vietnam; 237 | North-western Thailand; 422 | Uttarakhand, India; 54 |
| Clinical features | |||||
| Fever | 102 (100%) | 134 (98.5%) | 180 (76%) | 378 (89.6%) | 54 (100%) |
| Relative bradycardia | NA | NA | 92 (39.8%) | NA | 12 (22.22%) |
| Headache | 64 (62.7%) | 85 (62.5%) | 167 (70.5%) | 224 (53.1%) | 45 (83.33%) |
| Myalgia | 48 (47.1%) | NA | 161 (67.9%) | 151 (35.8%) | 40 (74.07%) |
| Altered mental status | NA | NA | 23 (9.7%) | 7 (1.7%) | 14 (25.92%) |
| Abdt tenderness | 17 (16.7%) | 42 (30.9%) | 10 (4.3%) | 98 (23.2%%) | 29 (53.7%) |
| Nausea/vomiting | 28 (27.4%) | NA | NA | 85 (20.1%)/116 (27.5%) | 29 (53.70%) |
| Cough | 14 (13.7%) | 71 (52.5%) | 104 (43.9%) | 115 (27.3%) | 28 (51.85%) |
| Conjunctival congestion/hemorrhage | 8 (7.8%) | NA | NA | NA | 3 (5.55%) |
| Eschar | 88 (86.3%) | 82 (60.3%) | 149 (62.9%) | 38 | 7 (12.96%) |
| Rash | 70 (68.6%) | 35 (25.7%) | 74 (31.2%) | 17 (31.48%) | |
| Hepatosplenomegaly | Hepatomegaly 7 (6.9%), splenomegaly 14 (13.7%) | Hepatosplenomegaly 35 (34.7%) | Hepatosplenomegaly 118 (49.8%) | NA | Hepatomegaly 10 (18.51%), splenomegaly 4 (7.40%) |
| Upper eyelid edema | NA | NA | NA | NA | 40 (74.07%) |
| Complications | |||||
| Hepatitis | 4 (3.9%) | NA | NA | 1 (0.3%) | 4 (7.40%) |
| Bronchopneumonia | 22 (21.6%) | 13 (20.6%) | 83 (35%) | 30 (9.9%) | 1 (1.87%) |
| Pleural effusion | 1 (1%) | 27 (42.9%) | NA | NA | 1 (1.87%) |
| Renal failure | 0 | 9 (6.8%) | 19 (11.5%) | 8 (2.6%) | 2 (3.70%) |
| ARDS | NA | 4 (6.3%) | 1 (0.4%) | NA | 4 (7.4%) |
| Meningitis | 0 | NA | NA | 4 (1.3%) | 11 (20.3%) |
| Leucocytosis | 13.5% | 39 (29.8%) | 96 (40.7%) | NA | 16 (29.6%) |
| Leukopenia | 4.1% | NA | NA | NA | 1 (1.87%) |
| Thrombocytopenia | 25.4% | NA | 104 (45%) | NA | 7 (12.96%) |
| Elevated AST | 75% | NA | NA | 74 (24.4%) | 40 (74.07%) |
| Elevated ALT | 80.3% | 109/127 (85.8%) | 194 (97.5%) | 39 (72.22%) | |
| Elevated BUN | 5.7% | NA | 82 (36.4%) | 47 (87.03%) | |
| Mortality | NA | 2 (1.47%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (1.87%) |
NA: Data not available; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen