TABLE 1.
Demographic information, acute insulin response, insulin sensitivity, fasting serum concentrations and ISR and AUC values for EA, HA and AA children.
| EA | HA | AA | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 88 | 60 | 55 |
| N male | 42 | 29 | 34 |
| N female | 46 | 31 | 21 |
| Age range (min-max years) | 7–13 | 7–12 | 7–12 |
| Tanner stage range (min-max) | 1–3 | 1–3 | 1–3 |
| BW (kg) | 37 (10) | 28 (4) | 37 (10) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18 (3)* | 15 (1) | 18 (3)* |
| Body fat (%) | 22 (8)* | 29 (8) | 20 (10)* |
| AIRg (μU/mL·min) | 585 (365)*,¤ | 1194 (1119) | 1026 (737) |
| SI (10−4 min−1/μU/mL) | 7 (3)* | 5 (5) | 5 (4) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 98 (18) | 101 (6) | 97 (11) |
| Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/L) | 69 (29)* | 97 (51) | 75 (34)* |
| Fasting plasma C-peptide (pmol/L) | 473 (179)* | 644 (375) | 427 (162)* |
| Fasting ISR (pmol/min) | 72 (26)* | 101 (59) | 64 (22)* |
| AUC(glucose)0–20 min (mg/dL·h) | 70 (7)*,¤ | 74 (7) | 66 (8)* |
| AUC(insulin)0–20 min (pmol/L·h) | 105 (59)* | 206 (174) | 168 (116) |
| AUC(C-peptide)0–20 min (pmol/L·h) | 435 (179)* | 680 (329) | 498 (194)* |
| AUC(ISR)0–20 min (pmol/min·h) | 175 (89)¤ | 202(110) | 271 (176)* |
| AUC(glucose)20–60 min (mg/dL·h) | 343 (30)* | 357 (38) | 340 (25)* |
| AUC(insulin)20–60 min (pmol/L·h) | 315 (156)* | 440 (245) | 324 (135)* |
| AUC(C-peptide)20–60 min (pmol/L·h) | 1674 (760)*,¤ | 2224 (988) | 1507 (623)* |
| AUC(ISR)20–60 min (pmol/min·h) | 289 (212)* | 371 (227) | 250 (157)* |
*
P < 0.05 vs HA
¤
P < 0.05 vs AA with two-way ANOVA.
Of note, SI difference among ethnicity disappears when correcting for the covariates, while AIRg difference is maintained
Abbreviations: EA, European American; HA, Hispanic American; AA, African American; BW, body weight; BMI, body mass index; AIRg, acute insulin response; SI, insulin sensitivity; ISR, insulin secretion rate; AUC, area under the curve.