Table 1.
| Drug Class | Name (acronym) | FDA Approval |
Half-life (hr) |
Dosage Formb |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) |
Zidovudine (ZDV) | 1987 | 1.2 | PO | [153] |
| Didanosine (DDI) | 1991 | 1.5 | PO | [154] | |
| Delayed-release didanosine | 2000 | PO | |||
| Stavudine (d4T) | 1994 | 1.6 | PO | [155] | |
| Lamivudine (3TC) | 1995 | 5.4 | PO | [156] | |
| Abacavir (ABC) | 1998 | 1.3 | PO | [157] | |
| Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) | 2001 | 18.3 | PO | [158] | |
| Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) | 2015 | 51.3 | PO | [159] | |
| Emtricitabine (FTC) | 2003 | 4.8 | PO | [160] | |
|
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) |
Efavirenz (EFV) | 1996 | 37.7 | PO | [161] |
| Nevirapine (NVP) | 1996 | 21.5 | PO | [162–166] | |
| Extended-release NVP | 2011 | 45 | PO | ||
| Etravirine (ETR) | 2008 | 30–40 | PO | [167] | |
| Rilpivirine (RPV) | 2011 | 48 | PO | [168] | |
|
Protease Inhibitors (PIs) |
Saquinavir (SQV) | 1995 | 3.6 | PO | [169] |
| Ritonavir (RTV) | 1996 | 3.5 | PO | [170] | |
| Indinavir (IDV) | 1996 | 1.8 | PO | [171] | |
| Nelfinavir (NFV) | 1997 | 4.3 | PO | [169, 172] | |
| Lopinavir (LPV) | 2000 | 5–6 | PO | [142] | |
| Lopinavir (LPV) Oral Pellets | 2015 | 5–6 | PO | [173] | |
| Fosamprenavir (FPV) | 2003 | 4.8 | PO | [174] | |
| Atazanavir (ATV) | 2003 | 7.5 | PO | [175] | |
| Tipranavir (TPV) | 2005 | 2.6 | PO | [176] | |
| Darunavir (DRV) | 2006 | 14.6 | PO | [177] | |
| Fusion Inhibitors | Enfuvirtide (T-20) | 2003 | 2 | SC | [178] |
| Entry Inhibitors | Maraviroc (MVC) | 2007 | 23 | PO | [179] |
|
Pharmacokinetic Enhancers |
Cobicistat (COBI) | 2014 | 4.3 | PO | [175] |
| Integrase Inhibitors | Dolutegravir (DTG) | 2013 | 13.5 | PO | [180] |
| Elvitegravir (EVG) | 2014 | 9.9 | PO | [181] | |
| Raltegravir (RAL) | 2017 | 9.3 | PO | [182] | |
| Bictegravir (BIC) | 2018 | 17.8 | PO | [183] | |
|
Combination HIV Medicines |
3TC + ZDV | 1997 | |||
| LPV + RTV | 2000 | ||||
| ABC + 3TC + ZDV | 2000 | ||||
| ABC + 3TC | 2004 | ||||
| FTC + TDF | 2004 | ||||
| EFV + FTC + TDF | 2006 | ||||
| FTC + RPV + TDF | 2011 | ||||
| QUAD, EVG + COBI + FTC + TDF | 2012 | ||||
| ABC + DTG + 3TC | 2014 | ||||
| DRV + COBI | 2015 | ||||
| EVG + COBI + FTC + TAF | 2015 | ||||
| ATV + COBI | 2015 | ||||
| FTC + RPV + TAF | 2016 | ||||
| FTC + TAF | 2016 | ||||
| DTG + RPV | 2017 | ||||
| BIC + FTC + TAF | 2018 | ||||
a
Antiretroviral drug names (with their acronym abbreviation) are grouped according to their drug class and fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) are listed at the bottom of the table. Also listed are the year that the drug or FDC was approved, and the terminal plasma half-life for each drug.
b
Dosage form: PO, oral; SC, subcutaneous.