Table 1.
Sociodemographic and Injury Characteristics of Patients with a First Concussion-Related Emergency Department Visit and Rate of Comorbid Neck Injuries per 100,000 Concussion-Related Emergency Department Visits in Ontario, Canada, 2002/2003–2011/2012, by Sex
| All concussions | MVC-related concussions | Sports-related concussions | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate of comorbid neck injuries | Rate of comorbid neck injuries | Rate of comorbid neck injuries | ||||||||||||||||
| Overall | Malesa | Femalesa | Overall | Malesa | Femalesa | Overall | Malesa | Femalesa | ||||||||||
| Characteristic | Total No. of concussions (%) | Rate per 100,000 | Total No. of concussions (%) | Rate per 100,000 | Total No. of concussions (%) | Rate per 100,000 | Total No. of concussions (%) | Rate per 100,000 | Total No. of concussions (%) | Rate per 100,000 | Total No. of concussions (%) | Rate per 100,000 | Total No. of concussions (%) | Rate per 100,000 | Total No. of concussions (%) | Rate per 100,000 | Total No. of concussions (%) | Rate per 100,000 |
| Overall | 90,175 | 3,555 | 52,418 | 2,995 | 37,757 | 4,333 | 8,134 | 10,266 | 4,327 | 8,759 | 3,807 | 11,978 | 30,474 | 3,219 | 21,298 | 2,794 | 9,176 | 4,207 |
| Fiscal year of ED discharge | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2002/2003 | 8,571 (9.5) | 3,407 | 5,488 (10.5) | 3,098 | 3,083 (8.2) | 3,957 | 808 (9.9) | 7,921 | 462 (10.7) | 6,926 | 346 (9.1) | 9,249 | 2,885 (9.5) | 2,946 | 2,178 (10.2) | 2,938 | 707 (7.7) | 2,970 |
| 2003/2004 | 7,616 (8.4) | 3,768 | 4,853 (9.3) | 3,379 | 2,763 (7.3) | 4,452 | 755 (9.3) | 8,742 | 438 (10.1) | 7,763 | 317 (8.3) | 10,095 | 2,674 (8.8) | 3,889 | 2,021 (9.5) | 3,365 | 653 (7.1) | 5,513 |
| 2004/2005 | 8,389 (9.3) | 4,077 | 5,177 (9.9) | 3,342 | 3,212 (8.5) | 5,262 | 787 (9.7) | 10,292 | 437 (10.1) | 8,467 | 350 (9.2) | 12,571 | 2,831 (9.3) | 3,709 | 2,096 (9.8) | 2,815 | 735 (8.0) | 6,259 |
| 2005/2006 | 7,902 (8.8) | 4,164 | 4,842 (9.2) | 3,697 | 3,060 (8.1) | 4,902 | 737 (9.1) | 10,991 | 415 (9.6) | 10,602 | 322 (8.5) | 11,491 | 2,684 (8.8) | 3,614 | 1,927 (9.0) | 3,166 | 757 (8.2) | 4,756 |
| 2006/2007 | 8,034 (8.9) | 3,199 | 4,786 (9.1) | 2,591 | 3,248 (8.6) | 4,095 | 820 (10.1) | 11,829 | 478 (11.0) | 9,623 | 342 (9.0) | 14,912 | 2,586 (8.5) | 2,359 | 1,832 (8.6) | 2,183 | 754 (8.2) | 2,785 |
| 2007/2008 | 8,472 (9.4) | 3,458 | 4,968 (9.5) | 2,899 | 3,504 (9.3) | 4,252 | 789 (9.7) | 9,632 | 419 (9.7) | 7,876 | 370 (9.7) | 11,622 | 2,719 (8.9) | 3,604 | 1,910 (9.0) | 3,037 | 809 (8.8) | 4,944 |
| 2008/2009 | 8,702 (9.7) | 3,493 | 4,873 (9.3) | 2,811 | 3,829 (10.1) | 4,361 | 767 (9.4) | 10,952 | 387 (8.9) | 8,527 | 380 (10.0) | 13,421 | 2,797 (9.2) | 3,432 | 1,929 (9.1) | 2,799 | 868 (9.5) | 4,839 |
| 2009/2010 | 9,863 (10.9) | 3,326 | 5,343 (10.2) | 2,527 | 4,520 (12.0) | 4,270 | 829 (10.2) | 10,615 | 400 (9.2) | 8,250 | 429 (11.3) | 12,821 | 3,315 (10.9) | 3,047 | 2,187 (10.3) | 2,378 | 1,128 (12.3) | 4,344 |
| 2010/2011 | 10,452 (11.6) | 3,368 | 5,564 (10.6) | 2,858 | 4,888 (12.9) | 3,948 | 883 (10.9) | 10,646 | 434 (10.0) | 9,908 | 449 (11.8) | 11,359 | 3,563 (11.7) | 2,779 | 2,317 (10.9) | 2,719 | 1,246 (13.6) | 2,889 |
| 2011/2012 | 12,174 (13.5) | 3,466 | 6,524 (12.4) | 2,836 | 5,650 (15.0) | 4,195 | 959 (11.8) | 10,845 | 457 (10.6) | 9,628 | 502 (13.2) | 11,952 | 4,420 (14.5) | 3,054 | 2,901 (13.6) | 2,620 | 1,519 (16.6) | 3,884 |
| Income quintile | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 15,765 (17.5) | 3,692 | 8,919 (17.0) | 3,341 | 6,846 (18.1) | 4,148 | 1,649 (20.3) | 10,673 | 883 (20.4) | 9,740 | 766 (20.1) | 11,749 | 3,982 (13.1) | 3,039 | 2,772 (13.0) | 2,670 | 1,210 (13.2) | 3,884 |
| 2 | 16,684 (18.5) | 3,698 | 9,596 (18.3) | 3,178 | 7,088 (18.8) | 4,402 | 1,586 (19.5) | 9,899 | 840 (19.4) | 9,643 | 746 (19.6) | 10,188 | 5,092 (16.7) | 3,201 | 3,555 (16.7) | 2,785 | 1,537 (16.8) | 4,164 |
| 3 | 17,848 (19.8) | 3,782 | 10,337 (19.7) | 2,970 | 7,511 (19.9) | 4,899 | 1,649 (20.3) | 11,704 | 899 (20.8) | 8,343 | 750 (19.7) | 15,733 | 5,971 (19.6) | 3,668 | 4,174 (19.6) | 3,019 | 1,797 (19.6) | 5,175 |
| 4 | 19,683 (21.8) | 3,404 | 11,656 (22.2) | 2,805 | 8,027 (21.3) | 4,273 | 1,685 (20.7) | 9,555 | 895 (20.7) | 7,374 | 790 (20.8) | 12,025 | 7,264 (23.8) | 3,125 | 5,143 (24.1) | 2,839 | 2,121 (23.1) | 3,819 |
| 5 | 20,195 (22.4) | 3,278 | 11,910 (22.7) | 2,796 | 8,285 (21.9) | 3,971 | 1,565 (19.2) | 9,457 | 810 (18.7) | 8,765 | 755 (19.8) | 10,199 | 8,165 (26.8) | 3,074 | 5,654 (26.5) | 2,653 | 2,511 (27.4) | 4,022 |
| Rurality | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 16,621 (18.4) | 4,001 | 9,592 (18.3) | 3,482 | 7,029 (18.6) | 4,709 | 1,367 (16.8) | 9,510 | 770 (17.8) | 8,571 | 597 (15.7) | 10,720 | 5,754 (18.9) | 3,737 | 3,948 (18.5) | 3,217 | 1,806 (19.7) | 4,873 |
| No | 73,554 (81.6) | 3,455 | 42,826 (81.7) | 2,886 | 30,728 (81.4) | 4,247 | 6,767 (83.2) | 10,418 | 3,557 (82.2) | 8,800 | 3,210 (84.3) | 12,212 | 24,720 (81.1) | 3,099 | 17,350 (81.5) | 2,697 | 7,370 (80.3) | 4,043 |
| Mechanism of injury | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fall | 35,949 (39.9) | 2,737 | 18,182 (34.7) | 2,101 | 17,767 (47.1) | 3,388 | 6,912 (22.7) | 3,328 | 4,216 (19.8) | 2,419 | 2,696 (29.4) | 4,748 | ||||||
| Struck by/against | 35,593 (39.5) | 2,944 | 23,429 (44.7) | 2,770 | 12,164 (32.2) | 3,280 | 18,368 (60.3) | 3,430 | 13,281 (62.4) | 3,087 | 5,087 (55.4) | 4,325 | ||||||
| MVC | 8,134 (9.0) | 10,266 | 4,327 (8.3) | 8,759 | 3,807 (10.1) | 11,978 | 512 (1.7) | 3,516 | 393 (1.8) | NRb | 119 (1.3) | n < 6 | ||||||
| Other transportation | 7,313 (8.1) | 3,596 | 4,529 (8.6) | 2,716 | 2,784 (7.4) | 5,029 | 4,651 (15.3) | NRb | 3,386 (15.9) | 1,949 | 1,265 (13.8) | NRb | ||||||
| Other | 3,186 (3.5) | 2,385 | 1,951 (3.7) | 1,896 | 1,235 (3.3) | 3,158 | 31 (0.1) | n < 6 | 22 (0.1) | n < 6 | 9 (0.1) | 0 | ||||||
| Intention of injury | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unintentional | 85,138 (94.4) | 3,641 | 48,530 (92.6) | 3,114 | 36,608 (97.0) | 4,341 | ||||||||||||
| Intentional | 5,037 (5.6) | 2,104 | 3,888 (7.4) | 1,517 | 1,149 (3.0) | 4,091 | ||||||||||||
| Sports-related injury | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 30,474 (33.8) | 3,219 | 21,298 (40.6) | 2,794 | 9,176 (24.3) | 4,207 | ||||||||||||
| No | 59,701 (66.2) | 3,727 | 31,120 (59.4) | 3,133 | 28,581 (75.7) | 4,374 | ||||||||||||
Table on age is included in Supplementary Tables S1–S4.
n < 6—cell size less than 6.
a
Unadjusted OR for sex (female vs. male) was 1.47 (95% CI 1.37–1.57) for all concussions, 1.42 (95% CI 1.23–1.64) for MVC concussions, and 1.53 (95% CI 1.34–1.74) for concussions due to sports injuries. Note: adjusted OR and 95% CI for sex can be found in Figure 2.
b
Data are NR due to residual disclosure of small cell size (n < 6).
CI, confidence interval; ED, emergency department; MVC, motor vehicle collision; NR, not reported; OR, odds ratio.