Table 2.

Multivariable Models of Odds of Mental and Behavioral Health Conditions by Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Pregnant Women (N = 355)

	0 ACEs%	1–2 ACEs%	3+ ACEs%	1–2 ACEs vs. 0		3+ ACEs vs. 0
				OR (95% CI)	p-Value	OR (95% CI)	p-Value
Condition
Anxiety disorder	7.3	15.2	19.1	2.42 (1.09–5.41)	0.031	3.08 (1.28–7.39)	0.012
Depressive disorder	5.7	12.1	19.1	2.49 (1.03–6.00)	0.043	3.98 (1.60–9.90)	0.003
Any depression symptoms	20.9	28.2	44.6	1.46 (0.77–2.77)	0.251	3.13 (1.58–6.17)	0.001
Intimate partner violence	3.6	11.1	14.3	3.12 (1.13–8.61)	0.028	4.71 (1.59–13.95)	0.005
Prenatal substance use	13.7	19.6	25.0	1.53 (0.77–3.04)	0.222	1.93 (0.91–4.12)	0.088
Low resilience	40.6	44.4	54.0	1.16 (0.70–1.92)	0.569	1.69 (0.79–3.13)	0.078

Bold values are significant at p < .05.

All analyses adjusted for age, age squared, race, and median neighborhood income. Depressive symptoms are based on the PHQ-9 survey routinely given during the first trimester of prenatal care. IPV includes a diagnosis of IPV in the EHR in the year before or during pregnancy or endorsing any of the three questions related to IPV at the beginning of prenatal care. Low resilience is based on a score below the national average (≤32) on the Connor-Davidson RISC-10 Resilience questionnaire given at the time of ACEs screening.

IPV, intimate partner violence; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.