Table 2.
Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for factors associated with impaired survival
| Univariable |
Multivariable |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 0.003 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1 (ref.) | |||
| Male | 1.01 (0.77–1.32) | 0.945 | ||
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 1.04 (0.77–1.40) | 0.803 | ||
| ECOG (WHO) performance status | ||||
| 1–2 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| 3–4 | 1.31 (0.69–2.48) | 0.403 | 1.63 (0.72–3.69) | 0.243 |
| Bilirubin >200 µmol/L | 1.48 (1.00–2.19) | 0.051 | 1.04 (0.67–1.60) | 0.866 |
| CA19-9 >1,000 kU/L | 1.87 (1.29–2.70) | 0.001 | ||
| Albumin, g/dL | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 0.429 | ||
| C-reactive protein≥100, mg/L | 2.10 (1.05–4.18) | 0.036 | ||
| Cholangitis before or at presentation | 1.48 (0.84–2.60) | 0.180 | ||
| Tumour size >3 cm | 2.31 (1.72–3.09) | <0.001 | 2.24 (1.60–3.15) | <0.001 |
| Suspicious lymph nodes on imaging* | ||||
| N0 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | ||
| N1 | 1.37 (1.01–1.87) | 0.046 | 1.57 (1.08–2.28) | 0.018 |
| N2 | 1.48 (1.03–2.13) | 0.033 | 1.37 (0.91–2.06) | 0.134 |
| Suspected distant metastases on imaging | 1.46 (0.97–2.20) | 0.072 | 3.74 (1.93–7.26) | <0.001 |
| Lobar atrophy on imaging | 1.04 (0.77–1.41) | 0.793 | ||
| Vascular involvement on imaging§ | 1.44 (1.09–1.91) | 0.011 | 1.30 (0.91–1.85) | 0.150 |
| Low skeletal muscle mass | 1.99 (0.91–1.59) | 0.204 | ||
| Low skeletal muscle density (<6 months)# | 2.09 (1.34–3.27) | 0.001 | 1.78 (1.03–3.07) | 0.040 |
| Low skeletal muscle density (≥6 months)# | 1.20 (0.85–1.69) | 0.306 | 0.68 (0.44–1.07) | 0.093 |
HR, hazard ratio; BMI, body mass index; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; WHO, World Health Organization.
*
Involvement of lymph nodes was assessed according to the AJCC (7th edition) [21].
#
The effect of skeletal muscle density on the hazard varied with time. Hence, an interaction term between skeletal muscle density and time was used to calculate the time-dependent effect of skeletal muscle density on the hazard.
§
Vascular involvement on imaging was defined as tumour contact of at least 180 degrees around the portal vein and/or hepatic artery and its side branches.