Masson’s trichrome staining of collagen in lung sections (A and B) and hydroxyproline content in lung tissues (C and D) from NSG mice injected with CD274– and CD274hi IPF fibroblasts treated with VS4718, vehicle control CMC-Na, or from NSG mice that received gRNA control (gRNA-CTL) or CD274-KO lung fibroblasts (n = 6 per group). Neg, negative. Scale bars (A and B): 1 mm (top panel), 100 μm (middle and lower panels). Throughout, data are the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 by 1-way ANOVA (C) or Student’s t test (D).