Fig. 1.

Expression of p21 is upregulated by glycerol-induced acute kidney injury. Left: plasma p21 concentrations rose markedly by 4 and 18 h after glycerol (Glyc) injection. C,  controls. Middle: increases in plasma concentrations were reflected by dramatic elevations in urinary p21-to-creatinine (Cr) ratios, as assessed 18 h after glycerol injection (P < 0.005 after log base 10 conversion). Right: renal cortical p21 protein levels also rose by 18 h after glycerol injection, but increases were relatively modest (~4-fold) compared with plasma and urinary elevations. Values are means ± SE; n = 15, glycerol doses ranging from 6 to 9 ml/kg, 2–3 at each dose; n = 10 control values.