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. 2019 Mar 21;4(6):e126688. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.126688

Figure 1. VSG rapidly improved glucose control and in vivo insulin secretion during enteral nutrient delivery independent of body weight.

Figure 1

(A) Schematic of the experimental paradigm employed. (B) Body weight for 2 weeks following surgery (PF-Sham, n = 15; VSG, n = 20). (C and D) Blood glucose during insulin tolerance test (percentage of baseline glucose; PF-Sham, n = 15; VSG, n = 20) (C) and following 6-hour fast (PF-Sham, n = 53; VSG, n = 60) (D). (E–I) Blood glucose and integrated AUC during a mixed meal tolerance test (E), along with circulating insulin (F), total GLP-1 (G), GIP (H), and glucagon (I) at 0 minutes and 10 minutes after ensure gavage (PF-Sham, n = 7–16; VSG, n = 19–21). (J–N) Blood glucose (J), and circulating insulin (K) following an overnight fast/30-minute refeed in PF-Sham (n = 16–22) and VSG mice (n = 18–26), along with corresponding fasted and refed total GLP-1 (L), GIP (M), and glucagon levels (N) (PF-Sham, n = 4–12; VSG, n = 4–11). PF-Sham animals are shown with black solid lines or gray circles; VSG animals are shown in red dashed lines or red circles. Data represent mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05 between PF-Sham and VSG groups; #P < 0.05 between time points within groups.