Table 1.
Heritability values (±standard error) for quantitative traits from four knowledge domains ascertained by HCP calculated using self‐reported and empirical coefficients of relationship
| Traits | Trait description | Heritability (h2) estimates | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diffusion domain | Self‐reported | KING | WAC α = 1 | WAC α = 0 | WAC α = −1 | |
| AWF | Axonal water fractions calculated using WMTI model | 0.91 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.91 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.93 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.94 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.96 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) |
| DKI‐FA | Fractional anisotropy of water diffusion (FA) calculated using white matter tract integrity (WMTI) model (fits diffusion and kurtosis tensor) | 0.85 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.86 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.89 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.92 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.93 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) |
| DTI‐FA | Fractional anisotropy of water diffusion (FA) calculated using diffusion tensor model (fits diffusion tensor only) | 0.86 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.85 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.88 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.91 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.94 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) |
| KA | Kurtosis anisotropy calculated from the WMTI model | 0.86 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.87 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.90 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.91 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.94 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) |
| TORT | Tortuosity of the extra cellular space calculated using WMTI model | 0.79 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.77 ± 0.03 (p < 10−26) | 0.82 ± 0.03 (p < 10−26) | 0.85 ± 0.02(p < 10−26) | 0.90 ± 0.03 (p < 10−26) |
| Structural imaging domain | ||||||
| GM thickness | Average thickness of cortical gray matter (GM) ribbon | 0.80 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.80 ± 0.03 (p < 10−26) | 0.83 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.85 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.88 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) |
| Cortical GM volumes | Volume of cortical GM | 0.93 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.97 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.96 ± 0.03 (p < 10−26) | 0.99 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.99 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) |
| GM volume | Volume of cerebral GM | 0.93 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.98 ± 0.02 (p < 10−26) | 0.99 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.99 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.99 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) |
| WM volume | Volume of cerebral WM | 0.94 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.95 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.95 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.96 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) | 0.94 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) |
| Body physiology domain | ||||||
| BMI | Body mass index | 0.72 ± 0.04 (p = 10−26) | 0.73 ± 0.04 (p < 10−26) | 0.76 ± 0.04 (p < 10−26) | 0.78 ± 0.03 (p < 10−26) | 0.82 ± 0.01 (p < 10−26) |
| BP sys | Systolic blood pressure | 0.40 ± 0.05 (p = 10−12) | 0.40 ± 0.05 (p = 10−13) | 0.45 ± 0.06 (p = 10−14) | 0.48 ± 0.06 (p = 10−15) | 0.56 ± 0.06 (p = 10−16) |
| BP Dias | Diastolic blood pressure | 0.46 ± 0.05 (p = 10−16) | 0.50 ± 0.05 (p = 10−17) | 0.56 ± 0.05 (p = 10−18) | 0.59 ± 0.05 (p = 10−18) | 0.65 ± 0.06 (p = 10−19) |
| Neurocognitive domain | ||||||
| Accuracy‐WM | Accuracy scores on the list sorting working memory task | 0.53 ± 0.04 (p < 10−26) | 0.51 ± 0.04 (p < 10−26) | 0.49 ± 0.00 (p < 10−26) | 0.57 ± 0.05 (p < 10−26) | 0.65 ± 0.05 (p < 10−26) |
| Reaction time | Reaction time measured in the attention task | 0.41 ± 0.06 (p = 10−12) | 0.40 ± 0.06 (p = 10−11) | 0.43 ± 0.06 (p = 10−13) | 0.47 ± 0.06 (p = 10−14) | 0.60 ± 0.06 (p = 10−15) |
| Processing speed | Pattern completion processing speed scores | 0.38 ± 0.06 (p = 10−11) | 0.35 ± 0.06 (p = 10−10) | 0.39 ± 0.06 (p = 10−14) | 0.42 ± 0.06 (p = 10−15) | 0.51 ± 0.07 (p = 10−16) |
| Picture sequence | Scores on the picture sequence working memory task | 0.50 ± 0.05 (p = 10−21) | 0.52 ± 0.04 (p < 10−26) | 0.55 ± 0.05 (p < 10−26) | 0.58 ± 0.05 (p < 10−26) | 0.65 ± 0.05 (p < 10−26) |
| Card sorting | Scores of the dimensional change card sort task | 0.40 ± 0.06 (p = 10−12) | 0.45 ± 0.05 (p = 10−15) | 0.49 ± 0.06 (p = 10−16) | 0.53 ± 0.05 (p = 10−17) | 0.64 ± 0.05 (p = 10−19) |