Bréart ‐ France 1992.

Methods	See Bréart ‐ Belgium 1992
Participants	See Bréart ‐ Belgium 1992 Trial in France: N = 1320 (656 continuous support; 664 control)
Interventions	See Bréart ‐ Belgium 1992. Fathers were allowed to be present
Outcomes	See Bréart ‐ Belgium 1992
Notes	Epidural analgesia was available and it is unknown whether EFM was routine Dates of study: not clear, trials ended in 1992 Funding: not clear ‐ "European Community concerted action". Conflicts of interest: Not reported.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Women were 'randomly assigned'. The envelopes were prepared by the co‐ordinating centre. No mention of the process of sequence generation
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Sealed envelopes. No mention if they were opaque or consecutively numbered. The process of how the envelopes were opened was not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	No information provided about blinding of participants or personnel, but blinding of participants and personnel is not possible
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided about blinding of outcome assessors
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Completion rate for medical record data and in‐hospital questionnaire was > 95%. There were some discrepancies in the total number enrolled. Two reports show 656 in the permanent support group and 664 in the control group for a total of 1320. The table of results in 1 report shows 654 in the permanent support and 666 in control. The in‐hospital questionnaire results are shown for 654 and 664 women (total 1318) but the authors state this is 95% of the sample, meaning the total is 1386. The N reported for each outcome were used in the data tables in this review
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes were reported
Other bias	Low risk	No other sources of bias noted