Table 1.
Characteristics of Cohorts
| Characteristic | All, No. (%) | Cohort A, No. (%) | Cohort B, No. (%) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 311 | 130 | 181 | |
| Age, mean, y | 43.9 | 45.9 | 42.4 | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | .5 | |||
| Black | 125 (40.2) | 50 (38.5) | 75 (42.0) | |
| Hispanic | 18 (5.8) | 6 (4.6) | 12 (6.6) | |
| White | 166 (53.4) | 74 (56.9) | 92 (50.3) | |
| Other | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | |
| Gender | .2 | |||
| Male | 211 (67.8) | 90 (69.2) | 121 (66.9) | |
| Female | 95 (30.5) | 36 (27.7) | 59 (32.6) | |
| Transgender | 5 (1.6) | 4 (3.1) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Financial status | .05 | |||
| >400% FPL | 7 (2.3) | 4 (3.1) | 3 (1.7) | |
| 301%–400% FPL | 7 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (3.9) | |
| 201%–300% FPL | 30 (9.6) | 16 (12.3) | 14 (7.7) | |
| 101%–200% FPL | 69 (22.2) | 24 (18.5) | 45 (24.9) | |
| <100% FPL | 198 (63.7) | 86 (66.2) | 112 (61.9) | |
| CD4 cell counta | .02 | |||
| >500 | 149 (54.0) | 61 (62.9) | 88 (49.2) | |
| 201–500 | 96 (34.8) | 31 (32.0) | 65 (36.3) | |
| ≤200 | 31 (11.2) | 5 (5.2) | 26 (14.5) | |
| Viral loadb | .003 | |||
| Detectable | 80 (25.8) | 22 (16.9) | 58 (32.0) | |
| Undetectable | 230 (74.2) | 108 (83.1) | 123 (68.0) | |
| Time since HIV diagnosis, mean, y | 10.0 | 10.9 | 9.4 | .09 |
| Time from HIV care initiation to MH initiation, mean, y | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.6 | .2 |
| ART initiated before MH initiation | 288 (93.5) | 124 (95.4) | 164 (90.6) | .1 |
| Time from ART initiation to MH visitc | ||||
| At least 12 mo before | 230 (74.7) | 113 (88.3) | 117 (65.0) | <.001 |
| 0–12 mo before | 45 (14.6) | 10 (7.8) | 35 (19.4) | |
| After MH | 33 (10.7) | 5 (3.9) | 28 (15.6) | |
| Mental health diagnosesd | .005 | |||
| Psychotic conditions | 156 (28.4) | 96 (34.5) | 60 (22.1) | |
| Neurotic/anxiety disorders | 87 (15.8) | 48 (17.3) | 39 (14.4) | |
| Personality disorders | 13 (2.4) | 5 (1.8) | 8 (3.0) | |
| Sexual disorders | 5 (0.9) | 1 (0.4) | 4 (1.5) | |
| Substance use disorder | 152 (27.7) | 67 (24.1) | 85 (31.4) | |
| Acute stress reaction/adjustment disorder | 37 (6.7) | 11 (4.0) | 26 (9.6) | |
| Depressive disorder | 99 (18.0) | 50 (18.0) | 49 (18.1) |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; FPL, Federal Poverty Level; MH, mental health care.
aCohort A: 97 participants had a CD4 cell count available; Cohort B: 179 participants had a CD4 cell count available.
bHIV viral load quantified in copies/mL.
cCohort A: 128 participants were prescribed ART by the end of the study period; Cohort B: 180 participants were prescribed ART by the end of the study period.
dEach participant could have multiple mental health diagnoses. Cohort A: 278 diagnoses were identified; Cohort B: 271 diagnoses were identified. Diagnoses were determined using coding from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9). ICD-9 codes 290–299 were used to identify subjects with psychotic conditions, 300 to identify neurotic/anxiety disorders, 301 to identify personality disorders, 302 to identify sexual disorders, 303–305 to identify substance use disorders, 308–309 to identify acute stress reaction/adjustment disorders, and 311 to identify depressive disorders.