Table 2.
End-of-Treatment Outcomes Among Patients With Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, With Univariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Unfavorable Outcomes
| Variable | End-of-Treatment Outcome, No. (%)a | Univariate Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Favorable (n = 35) | Unfavorable (n = 71) | OR (95% CI) | P Valueb | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Age median (IQR), y | 28.6 (24.3–39.7) | 39.0 (29.8–51.9) | 1.05 (1.01–1.08) | .006 |
| Male sex | 17 (48.6) | 56 (78.9) | 3.95 (1.65–9.47) | .002 |
| Unemployed | 23 (65.7) | 53 (75.7) | 1.63 (.67–3.95) | .28 |
| Tobacco use | 7 (20) | 38 (54.3) | 4.75 (1.83–12.31) | .001 |
| Alcohol use | 10 (28.6) | 32 (47.8) | 2.29 (.95–5.49) | .06 |
| History of injection drug use | 0 (0) | 3 (5.1) | .55 | |
| History of incarceration | 3 (8.6) | 31 (43.7) | 8.27 (2.32–29.52) | <.001 |
| Started treatment while incarcerated | 0 (0) | 15 (21.1) | … | .002c |
| HCV antibody positive | 4 (11.4) | 19 (26.8) | 2.83 (.88–9.09) | .08 |
| HIV positive | 1 (3.0) | 2 (2.9) | 0.97 (.09–11.09) | >.99c |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (5.7) | 6 (8.5) | 1.52 (.29–7.96) | .62 |
| BMI ≤18.5 kg/m2 | 6 (18.8) | 19 (28.4) | 1.72 (.61–4.83) | .31 |
| Retreatment tuberculosis case | 8 (22.9) | 41 (57.7) | 4.61 (1.84–11.56) | .001 |
| Bilateral disease on radiograph | 7 (20.6) | 38 (54.3) | 4.58 (1.76–11.90) | .001 |
| Extrapulmonary diseased | 5 (14.3) | 8 (11.3) | 0.58 (.20–1.72) | .33 |
| No. of resistant agents, median (IQR) | 7 (7–8) | 7 (7–8) | 1.14 (.70–1.86) | .59 |
| MDR tuberculosis contact | 8 (22.9) | 15 (21.4) | 0.92 (.35–2.44) | .87 |
| Treatment characteristics | ||||
| Adjunctive surgery | 9 (25.7) | 6 (8.5) | 0.27 (.09–.82) | .03c |
| Final culture conversione | 26 (83.9) | 16 (22.9) | 0.06 (.02–.17) | <.001 |
| Time to culture conversion, median (IQR), mo | 2.5 (1–4.75) | 1.5 (1–4.25) | 0.99 (.87–1.12) | .86 |
| Culture reversion | 5 (17.9) | 9 (39.1) | 2.76 (.77–9.85) | .11 |
| Significant adverse event reported | 8 (22.9) | 7 (9.9) | 0.37 (.12–1.12) | .08 |
| Additional drug resistance acquired during treatmentf | 2 (6.1) | 4 (6.6) | 1.09 (.19–6.28) | .93 |
| Duration of hospitalization, median (IQR), mo | 1.6 (1.2–3.1) | 2.2 (1.4–3.6) | 1.04 (.91–1.19) | .58 |
| Duration of second-line treatment, median (IQR), mo | 23.8 (21.4–24.8) | 7.6 (5.1–16.5) | 0.79 (.72–.87) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; MDR, multidrug-resistant; OR, odds ratio.
aFavorable and unfavorable end-of-treatment outcomes are defined in Methods. Data represent no. (%) of patients unless otherwise specified.
bSignificant at P ≤ .05, with P values obtained using χ2 tests unless noted.
cFisher exact test was used because the expected cell count was <5.
dIncluding patients with isolated extrapulmonary tuberculosis and those with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
ePatients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis were excluded
fPatients who were already resistant to all 9 agents were excluded.