Table 4.
Univariate Analysis of Risk Factors for All Cause Mortality Among Patients With Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis After Cessation of Initial Treatment
| Variable | Patients, No. (%)a | Univariate Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive at End of Study (n = 70) | Posttreatment Death (n = 20) | OR (95% CI) | P Valueb | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Age (years), median (IQR), y | 31 (25.2–44.3) | 41.2 (30–51.6) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | .05 |
| Male sex | 46 (65.7) | 16 (80) | 2.09 (.63–6.94) | .23 |
| Unemployed | 48 (69.6) | 16 (80) | 1.75 (.52–5.87) | .36 |
| Tobacco use | 29 (42) | 10 (50) | 1.38 (.51–3.74) | .53 |
| Alcohol use | 25 (37.3) | 10 (52.6) | 1.87 (.67–5.22) | .23 |
| History of injection drug use | 2 (3.3) | 1 (6.3) | 3.15 (.65–15.25) | .51c |
| History of incarceration | 21 (30) | 8 (40) | 1.56 (.56–4.36) | .40 |
| Started treatment while incarcerated | 12 (17.1) | 1 (5) | 0.25 (.03–2.09) | .28c |
| HCV antibody positive | 13 (18.6) | 6 (30) | 1.88 (.61–5.82) | .27 |
| HIV antibody positive | 2 (3) | 1 (5) | 1.71 (.15–19.91) | .55c |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (5.7) | 3 (15) | 2.91 (.59–14.27) | .18c |
| BMI ≤18.5 kg/m2 | 13 (20.3) | 4 (21.1) | 1.05 (.30–3.69) | >.99c |
| Retreatment tuberculosis case | 28 (40) | 12 (60) | 2.25 (.82–6.21) | .12 |
| Bilateral disease on radiograph | 25 (36.8) | 9 (45) | 1.41 (.51–3.86) | .51 |
| Extrapulmonary diseased | 9 (12.9) | 3 (15) | 1.20 (.29–4.91) | .73c |
| No. of resistant agents, median (IQR) | 7 (7–8) | 8 (7–8) | 1.23 (.68–2.22) | .49 |
| MDR tuberculosis contact | 14 (20.3) | 5 (25) | 1.31 (.41–4.22) | .76c |
| Treatment characteristics | ||||
| Adjunctive surgery | 12 (17.1) | 0 (0) | .06c | |
| Final culture conversione | 38 (58.5) | 3 (15) | 0.13 (.03–.47) | .005 |
| Time to culture conversion, median (IQR), mo | 2 (1–4.75) | 3 (2–4) | 0.95 (.70–1.28) | .73 |
| Culture reversion | 9 (21.4) | 1 (33.3) | 1.83 (.15–22.58) | .54c |
| Significant adverse event reported | 11 (15.7) | 2 (10) | 0.60 (.12–2.94) | .73c |
| Additional drug resistance acquired during treatmentf | 2 (3.1) | 3 (17.6) | 6.75 (1.03–44.26) | .06c |
| Duration of hospitalization, median (IQR), mo | 1.6 (1.2–3.1) | 2.2 (1.4–3.7) | 1.07 (.93–1.22) | .35 |
| Duration of second-line treatment, median (IQR), mo | 20.8 (10.3–24.3) | 7.3 (5–14.4) | 0.90 (.85–.96) | .002 |
| Unfavorable end-of-treatment outcomeg | 36 (51.4) | 19 (95) | 17.94 (2.28–141.47) | .006 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; MDR, multidrug-resistant; OR, odds ratio.
aData represent no. (%) of patients unless otherwise specified.
bSignificant at P ≤ .05, with P values obtained using χ2 tests unless otherwise noted.
cFisher exact test was used because the expected cell count was <5.
dIncluding patients with isolated extrapulmonary tuberculosis and those with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
eExcluding patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
fPatients who were already resistant to all 9 agents were excluded.
gPatients who were lost to follow-up or in whom treatment failed.