Daragon 1993.

Methods	Active vs placebo control study, stratified by whether bone biopsy obtained Pain measurement tools: a. Visual analogue scale b. 3‐point categorical scale Analgesic scale: analgesics consumed classified as: a. Paracetamol b. Codeine c. Morphine
Participants	Multiple myeloma (SII, III) Bone lesion not specified No pain requirement Co‐intervention: chemotherapy Performance status criteria: poor physical activity Other criteria: exclude renal dysfunction, severe bone marrow insufficient, age >80, cardiac failure, diabetes, gastric or duodenal ulcer, prior chemotherapy, multiple myeloma diagnosed >3 months.
Interventions	1. Active arm: Etidronate Oral 10 mg/kg/day 4 months 49 pts 2. Control arm: Placebo 45 pts All patients receive cyclophosphamide and prednisone
Outcomes	1. Pain: a. Change in mean pain score of the group 2. Analgesic: a. Proportion of patients taking codeine/morphine Others: a. Karnofsky performance status change b. Incidence of new extraspinal mets c. Incidence of fractures d. Survival e. Change in Vertebral index f. Bone resorption as measured by urine hydroxyproline/ calcium/ creatinine levels Withdrawals Active arm: 10/49 Control arm: 6/45 Adverse effects Active arm: Skin allergy: 1 Control arm: Pancreatitis: 1
Notes	QS = 3