Ernst 1997.

Methods	2 active arms, 1 placebo control Crossover study: washout period: 2 weeks Pain measurement tool: 15 cm VAS, patient reported Analgesic scale: morphine equivalent for amount consumed in 24 hours
Participants	Any primary Bone metastases required Pain required Co‐intervention: systemic therapy as part of standard practice Performance status criteria: no specifications Other criteria: exclude radiotherapy, chemotherapy within 4 weeks, cardiac failure, and renal failure.
Interventions	1. Active arm 1: Clodronate Intravenous 600mg x1 dose 2. Active arm 2: Clodronate Intravenous 1500 mg x1 dose 3. Control arm: Placebo Crossover after 2 weeks Patients on chemotherapy or hormonal therapy as part of standard care 60 pts
Outcomes	1. Pain: a. Mean change in pain score 2. Analgesic: a. Mean change in morphine equivalent Others: a. Patient preference 26/60 preferred pamidronate 12/60 preferred placebo 8/60 no preference No adverse effects reported Withdrawals: 9 pts
Notes	QS = 4