Table 1. Cephalometric landmarks and their definitions.

List of the anatomical landmarks that were used in this study and their definition, listed in anterior to posterior order.

Landmark	Definition
Infradentale (Id)	The apex of the septum between the mandibular central incisors [55].
Menton (Me)	Lowest midsagittal point of the intermandibular symphysis [55].
Diastema (Dia)	Prominent toothless gap of each hemimandible, located between the canine and the premolar teeth.
Midpoint of the diastema (mDia)	Midtransversal point of the diastema.
Mental foramen (Mf)	Posterior prominent mental foramen.
Alveolar crest (Ac)	Point on the buccal alveolar crest at the level of the posterior mental foramen (Mf).
Inferior border (Ib)	Most inferior point of the mandibular body at the level of the posterior mental foramen (Mf).
Dental ridge length (Ld)	Length of the premolar and molar dental arch.
Coronion (Cor)	Most superior point of the coronoid process.
Condylion (Con)	Most superior point of the mandibular condyle.
Lowest point of the sigmoid notch (Sn)	Most inferior point of the sigmoid notch, located between the coronoid and mandibular process.
Gonion (Go)	Most posterior, inferior and lateral point on the external angle of the mandible [56].