Table 1. Average unadjusted sugar sweetened beverage intake of pregnant women by sociodemographic & descriptive characteristics in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999–2006 (n = 1,154).
| Covariates1 | n (%) | 12 oz. Servings of Sugar Sweetened Beverages2,3 |
|---|---|---|
| Whole Population | 1154 (100) | 1.3 ± 0.9 |
| Age (years)* | ||
| >30 | 294 (27.7) | 1.0 ± 0.8 |
| 25–30 | 327 (30.6) | 1.4 ± 1.0 |
| 20–24 | 331 (30.0) | 1.4 ± 0.9a |
| <20 | 202 (11.8) | 1.8 ± 1.2c |
| Household Size | ||
| 1 or 2 persons | 266 (24.8) | 1.3 ± 0.9 |
| 3–5 persons | 696 (62.9) | 1.2 ± 0.9 |
| ≥6 persons | 192 (12.3) | 1.7 ± 1.2 |
| Country of birth* | ||
| Born in the U.S. | 839 (77.6) | 1.5 ± 1.0 |
| Not born in the U.S. | 315 (22.4) | 0.7 ± 0.7c |
| Race/Ethnicity* | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 515 (53.3) | 1.3 ± 0.9 |
| Mexican American | 337 (16.7) | 1.1 ± 1.0 |
| Other Latino | 56 (4.9) | 1.0 ± 0.8 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 178 (17.3) | 1.7 ± 1.0a |
| Other/Multiracial | 68 (7.9) | 1.3 ± 0.8 |
| Educational Attainment* | ||
| College degree | 260 (27.6) | 1.1 ± 0.8 |
| Some college or AA degree | 285 (30.4) | 1.4 ± 0.9 |
| High school diploma/GED | 246 (19.5) | 1.4 ± 1.0 |
| No High School diploma/GED | 362 (22.5) | 1.5 ± 1.1a |
| Missing | 1 (<0.1) | - |
| Marital Status* | ||
| Married/living with a partner | 828 (72.1) | 1.1 ± 0.8 |
| Divorced/separated/single/widowed | 284 (23.3) | 1.9 ± 1.1c |
| Missing | 42 (4.6) | - |
| Household Income4* | ||
| >300% | 391 (35.7) | 1.1 ± 0.9 |
| 200% ≤ 300% | 154 (17.5) | 1.4 ± 0.8 |
| 100% ≤ 200% | 246 (20.1) | 1.4 ± 1.0 |
| ≤100% | 285 (19.8) | 1.7 ± 1.1b |
| Missing | 78 (7.0) | - |
| Household Food Security Status | ||
| Food secure | 804 (75.4) | 1.3 ± 0.9 |
| Marginally food secure | 121 (10.4) | 1.3 ± 0.9 |
| Food insecure | 179 (10.7) | 1.5 ± 1.2 |
| Missing | 50 (3.5) | - |
| Number of Live Births | ||
| 0 | 57 (6.0) | 1.3 ± 0.8 |
| ≥1 | 1,097 (94) | 1.3 ± 0.9 |
| Trimester | ||
| 1st Trimester | 194 (19.7) | 1.3 ± 0.8 |
| 2nd Trimester | 405 (31.6) | 1.2 ± 1.0 |
| 3rd Trimester | 386 (29.7) | 1.4 ± 1.0 |
| Missing | 169 (19.0) | - |
| Year the Survey was collected | ||
| 1999–2000 | 269 (24.5) | 1.4 ± 1.1 |
| 2001–2002 | 322 (24.5) | 1.3 ± 1.0 |
| 2003–2004 | 245 (23.0) | 1.5 ± 0.9 |
| 2005–2006 | 318 (28.0) | 1.1 ± 0.8 |
| Recall collection day/s | ||
| 1 or 2 weekdays | 338 (44.6) | 1.3 ± 0.8 |
| 1 weekday & 1 weekend day | 417 (30.2) | 1.3 ± 0.9 |
| 2 weekend days | 399 (25.2) | 1.4 ± 1.1 |
1 Covariates labeled with an * indicate that the variable was significantly associated with unadjusted SSB consumption p<0.20 according to an f-test of independence
2 Values represent the average number of 12 oz. servings ± the standard deviation
3 Wald tests on linear regression coefficients were implemented to determine if the observed value was significantly different than the reference value; the first row below each covariate name represents the reference value
4 Measured as a percent of the Federal Poverty Level
a Significantly different than the reference value at p<0.05
b Significantly different than the reference value at p<0.01
c Significantly different than the reference value at p<0.001