Table 2. Perioperative findings.

	Early	Late	p
Timing, day	2 (0–3)	6 (4–14)	p < 0.001
Length of operation, minutes	105 (69–162)	108 (36–234)	p = 0.94
Operated ribs	2 (1–5)	3 (1–6)	p = 0.34
Intrathoracic finding			p = 0.15
Adhesion, n	2	2
Lung laceration with air leakage, n	4	0
Hemopericardium, n	2	0
Additional surgery			p = 0.31
Adhesiolysis, n	2	2
Repair and resection, n	4	0
Pericardiopleural window, n	2	0
ORIF for sternal fracture, n	3	1

ORIF: Open reduction internal fixation