Comparison 3. Back School versus passive physiotherapy.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Pain	3		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 short‐term follow‐up (<3 months)	3	290	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.96 [‐9.51, 13.43]
1.2 intermediate‐term follow up (3‐6 months)	3	290	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐16.89 [‐66.56, 32.79]
1.3 long‐term follow‐up (>6 months)	3	291	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐12.86 [‐61.22, 35.50]
2 Disability	2		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 short‐term follow‐up (<3 months)	2	180	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.57 [‐15.88, 21.01]
2.2 intermediate‐term follow up (3‐6 months)	2	180	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	6.88 [‐4.86, 18.63]
2.3 long‐term follow‐up (>6 months)	2	180	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	9.60 [3.65, 15.54]